p.83 抽出テキスト
46. Miller RJH, Nabipoor M, Youngson E, Kotrri G, Fine NM, Howlett JG, et al. Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction: retrospective study of ejection fraction trajectory risk. ESC Heart Fail 2022;9:1564–73. https:// doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.13869 47. Walsh MN, Kober L, Sliwa K, Adamo M, Agarwal A, Banerjee A, et al. AHA/ ACC/ESC/WHF Expert Consensus Document: Second Universal Definition of Heart Failure. Eur Heart J 2026. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ ehag500 48. Adamo M, Chioncel O, Pagnesi M, Bayes-Genis A, Abdelhamid M, Anker SD, et al. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of chronic right-sided heart failure and tricuspid regurgitation. A clinical consensus statement of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail 2024;26:18–33. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.3106 49. Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE Jr, Drazner MH, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62: e147–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019 50. Zhu F, Boersma E, Tilly M, Ikram MK, Qi H, Kavousi M. Trends in population attributable fraction of modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases across three decades. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024;31:1724–33. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae219 51. Sinha A, Ning H, Carnethon MR, Allen NB, Wilkins JT, Lloyd-Jones DM, et al. Race- and sex-specific population attributable fractions of incident heart failure: a population-based cohort study from the Lifetime Risk Pooling Project. Circ Heart Fail 2021;14:e008113. https://doi.org/10.1161/ CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.008113 52. Folsom AR, Yamagishi K, Hozawa A, Chambless LE; Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Investigators. Absolute and attributable risks of heart failure incidence in relation to optimal risk factors. Circ Heart Fail 2009;2: 11–17. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.108.794933 53. Cleland V, Tian J, Buscot MJ, Magnussen CG, Bazzano L, Burns TL, et al. Body-mass index trajectories from childhood to mid-adulthood and their sociodemographic predictors: evidence from the International Childhood Cardiovascular Cohort (i3C) Consortium. EClinicalMedicine 2022;48: 101440. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101440 54. Holthuis EI, Visseren FLJ, Bots ML, Peters SAE; UCC-SMART Study Group. Risk factor clusters and cardiovascular disease in high-risk patients: the UCC-SMART study. Glob Heart 2021;16:85. https://doi.org/10.5334/gh.897 55. Duncan MS, Vasan RS, Xanthakis V. Trajectories of blood lipid concentrations over the adult life course and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: observations from the Framingham Study over 35 years. J Am Heart Assoc 2019;8:e011433. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.118.011433 56. Allen NB, Siddique J, Wilkins JT, Shay C, Lewis CE, Goff DC, et al. Blood pressure trajectories in early adulthood and subclinical atherosclerosis in middle age. JAMA 2014;311:490–97. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2013.285122 57. Armocida B, Monasta L, Sawyer SM, Bustreo F, Onder G, Castelpietra G, et al. The burden of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among adolescents and young adults in 24 western European countries, 1990–2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. Int J Public Health 2023;68: 1606491. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2023.1606491 58. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. Lancet 2021;398:957–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(21)01330-1 59. GBD 2021 Adult BMI Collaborators. Global, regional, and national prevalence of adult overweight and obesity, 1990–2021, with forecasts to 2050: a forecasting study for the Global Burden of Disease study 2021. Lancet 2025;405: 813–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(25)00355-1 60. Marx N, Federici M, Schutt K, Muller-Wieland D, Ajjan RA, Antunes MJ, et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Eur Heart J 2023;44:4043–140. https://doi.org/10. 1093/eurheartj/ehad192 61. Visseren FLJ, Mach F, Smulders YM, Carballo D, Koskinas KC, Back M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J 2021;42:3227–337. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ ehab484 62. McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, Brouwers S, Canavan MD, Ceconi C, et al. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Eur Heart J 2024;45:3912–4018. https://doi.org/10. 1093/eurheartj/ehae178 63. Guo X, Ouyang N, Sun G, Zhang N, Li Z, Zhang X, et al. Multifaceted intensive blood pressure control model in older and younger individuals with hypertension: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol 2024;9:781–90. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2024.1449 64. Zhang W, Zhang S, Deng Y, Wu S, Ren J, Sun G, et al. Trial of intensive bloodpressure control in older patients with hypertension. N Engl J Med 2021;385: 1268–79. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2111437 65. Yang Q, Zheng R, Wang S, Zhu J, Li M, Wang T, et al. Systolic blood pressure control targets to prevent major cardiovascular events and death in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Hypertension 2023;80:1640–53. https://doi.org/10.1161/ HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.20954 66. Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE, Staessen JA, Liu L, Dumitrascu D, et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med 2008;358:1887–98. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0801369 67. Group SR, Wright JT Jr, Williamson JD, Whelton PK, Snyder JK, Sink KM, et al. A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. N Engl J Med 2015;373:2103–16. https://doi.org/10.1056/ NEJMoa1511939 68. Kostis JB, Davis BR, Cutler J, Grimm RH Jr, Berge KG, Cohen JD, et al. Prevention of heart failure by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. JAMA 1997;278:212–16. 69. Williamson JD, Supiano MA, Applegate WB, Berlowitz DR, Campbell RC, Chertow GM, et al. Intensive vs standard blood pressure control and cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults aged ≥75 years: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016;315:2673–82. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.7050 70. Udell JA, Cavender MA, Bhatt DL, Chatterjee S, Farkouh ME, Scirica BM. Glucose-lowering drugs or strategies and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with or at risk for type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015;3:356–66. https://doi.org/10. 1016/S2213-8587(15)00044-3 71. Villaschi A, Ferrante G, Cannata F, Pini D, Pagnesi M, Corrada E, et al. GLP-1-ra and heart failure-related outcomes in patients with and without history of heart failure: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Res Cardiol 2024;113:898–909. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00392-023- 02362-6 72. Lee MMY, Sattar N, Pop-Busui R, Deanfield J, Emerson SS, Inzucchi SE, et al. Cardiovascular and kidney outcomes and mortality with long-acting injectable and oral glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Diabetes Care 2025;48:846–59. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc25-0241 73. Metra M, Tomasoni D, Adamo M, Amir O, Anker SD, Bayes-Genis A, et al. SGLT2 inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of heart failure: a scientific statement of the HFA and the HFAI. ESC Heart Fail 2025;12:3806–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/ehf2.15408 74. Patel KV, Bahnson JL, Gaussoin SA, Johnson KC, Pi-Sunyer X, White U, et al. Association of baseline and longitudinal changes in body composition measures with risk of heart failure and myocardial infarction in type 2 diabetes: findings from the Look AHEAD trial. Circulation 2020;142:2420–30. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050941 75. Preiss D, Campbell RT, Murray HM, Ford I, Packard CJ, Sattar N, et al. The effect of statin therapy on heart failure events: a collaborative meta-analysis of unpublished data from major randomized trials. Eur Heart J 2015;36: 1536–46. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehv072 76. Shah S, Henry A, Roselli C, Lin H, Sveinbjornsson G, Fatemifar G, et al. Genome-wide association and Mendelian randomisation analysis provide insights into the pathogenesis of heart failure. Nat Commun 2020;11:163. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13690-5 77. Pocock SJ, Ariti CA, McMurray JJ, Maggioni A, Kober L, Squire IB, et al. Predicting survival in heart failure: a risk score based on 39 372 patients from 30 studies. Eur Heart J 2013;34:1404–13. https://doi.org/10.1093/ eurheartj/ehs337 78. Levy WC, Mozaffarian D, Linker DT, Sutradhar SC, Anker SD, Cropp AB, et al. The Seattle Heart Failure Model: prediction of survival in heart failure. Circulation 2006;113:1424–33. https://doi.org/10.1161/ CIRCULATIONAHA.105.584102 79. Burger PM, Savarese G, Tromp J, Adamson C, Jhund PS, Benson L, et al. Personalized lifetime prediction of survival and treatment benefit in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the LIFE-HF model. Eur J Heart Fail 2023;25:1962–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejhf.3028 80. Reitsma TH, Savarese G, Kuzma L, Deo SV, Pennells L, Hageman SHJ, et al. Risk prediction in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the LIFE-preserved model. Eur Heart J 2026. https://doi.org/10.1093/ eurheartj/ehag182 81. Khan SS, Matsushita K, Sang Y, Ballew SH, Grams ME, Surapaneni A, et al. Development and validation of the American Heart Association’s Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurheartj/ehag100/8766302 by guest on 31 August 2026