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involved with the medical care of patients with this pathology and to include patient representatives and methodologists. The selection procedure included an open call for authors and aimed to include members from across the whole of the ESC region and from relevant ESC Subspecialty Communities. Consideration was given to diversity and inclusion. Guidelines Task Forces perform a critical review and evaluation of the published literature on diagnostic and therapeutic approaches including assessment of the risk–benefit ratio. Recommendations are based on major randomized trials and relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses, when available. Systematic literature searches are conducted in cases of controversy or uncertainty to ensure that all key studies were considered. For recommendations related to diagnosis and prognosis, additional types of evidence are included, such as diagnostic accuracy studies and studies focused on the development and validation of prognostic models. The strength of each recommendation and the level of evidence supporting it are weighed and scored according to pre-defined criteria as outlined in Tables 1 and 2. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and Patient-Reported Experience Measures (PREMs) are also evaluated when available as the basis for recommendations and/or discussion in these guidelines.
Evidence tables summarizing key information from relevant studies are generated to facilitate the formulation of recommendations, to
Table 1 Classes of recommendations
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Table 2 Levels of evidence
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ESC Guidelines 4641
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