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Figure 15 Echocardiographic and invasive assessment of tricuspid regurgitation. 3D, three-dimensional; CIED, cardiac implantable electronic device; CW, continuous-wave; EROA, effective regurgitant orifice area; FAC, fractional area change; FWS, free wall strain; GLS, global longitudinal strain; mPAP, mean pulmonary artery pressure; PAWP, pulmonary artery wedge pressure; PH, pulmonary hypertension; PISA, proximal isovelocity surface area; PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance; RF, regurgitant fraction; RV, right ventricle/ventricular; RVEF, right ventricular ejection fraction; RVol, regurgitant volume; TAPSE, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TDI, tissue Doppler imaging; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; VCA, vena contracta area; WU, wood unit. aRV apical focused view. Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/46/44/4635/8234488 by guest on 07 October 2026
