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13 Advice for patients

Specific patient education is mandatory for patients with IMPS. Advice should address the causes, rationale for treatment, possible complications, and outcomes. Inflammatory myopericardial syndrome affects young patients and may severely affect their quality of life. Specific advice should be provided on the need for rest during the acute phase of the disease, and the timing for return to physical activity and work, as well as benefits and risks associated with tailored immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory therapies, and when to contact the multidisciplinary team. Advice must be tailored to the specific social situation. Suitable language should be used, recognizing the patient’s educational status. Clarification based on images is preferrable. Care should be taken not to aggravate anxiety unnecessarily. An additional description and advice for patients with IMPS is provided in Supplementary data online, Section 8, Figure S6, and Table S17. A separate document dedicated to patients has been developed.

14 Tertiary referral centres for

inflammatory myopericardial syndrome: feature and volume of activity

14.1 Tertiary care centres

Tertiary care centres of excellence are extensive, renowned healthcare facilities that house specialized cardiology departments equipped to manage patients with IMPS. Leading institutions are recognized for their cardiovascular expertise and often handle patients with complex disease.674 Such centres have significant expertise in the diagnosis and therapy of myocarditis and pericarditis and are actively involved in research. They should be the referral centre of choice for complicated cases that cannot be managed by regional centres. Endomyocardial biopsy referral centres for deep investigation of EMB samples, including immunochemistry and molecular testing, should be identified at regional or national level.

14.2 Inflammatory myopericardial

syndrome in regional centres Most uncomplicated cases can be handled by regional centres, and depending on the healthcare systems, in outpatient departments. However, the crucial factor is the local expertise. At the same time, those with more severe pericarditis or myocarditis might need treatment at a hospital or tertiary care referral centre that has advanced multimodality imaging capacity and access to new therapeutic agents.674

14.3 Hub-and-spoke model

These centres should be capable of managing all care levels and adopt a hub-and-spoke model. Regardless of where care is provided, the goal is to sustain communication and collaboration throughout all healthcare system levels. The hub-and-spoke model aims to ease patient access to suitable care levels, promote care co-ordination, and drive quality enhancement for all patients with IMPS.674,675



 

 
 

 

	




 





  	

 




Figure 20 Multidisciplinary teams for inflammatory myopericardial syndrome. aFull team—tailored to the specific case. Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/46/40/3952/8234483 by guest on 07 October 2026