p.18 抽出テキスト

22. Budoff MJ, Young R, Burke G, Jeffrey Carr J, Detrano RC, Folsom AR, et al. Ten-year association of coronary artery calcium with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA). Eur Heart J 2018;39:2401–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy217 23. Mehta A, Pandey A, Ayers CR, Khera A, Sperling LS, Szklo MS, et al. Predictive value of coronary artery calcium score categories for coronary events versus strokes: impact of sex and race: MESA and DHS. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2020;13:e010153. https://doi. org/10.1161/CIRCIMAGING.119.010153 24. Peng AW, Dardari ZA, Blumenthal RS, Dzaye O, Obisesan OH, Iftekhar Uddin SM, et al. Very high coronary artery calcium (≥1000) and association with cardiovascular disease events, non-cardiovascular disease outcomes, and mortality: results from MESA. Circulation 2021;143:1571–83. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA. 120.050545 25. Peng AW, Mirbolouk M, Orimoloye OA, Osei AD, Dardari Z, Dzaye O, et al. Long-term all-cause and cause-specific mortality in asymptomatic patients with CAC ≥1,000: results from the CAC Consortium. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020;13: 83–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2019.02.005 26. Valenti V, Ó Hartaigh B, Heo R, Cho I, Schulman-Marcus J, Gransar H, et al. A 15-year warranty period for asymptomatic individuals without coronary artery calcium: a prospective follow-up of 9,715 individuals. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;8:900–9. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.01.025 27. Hageman SHJ, Petitjaen C, Pennells L, Kaptoge S, Pajouheshnia R, Tillmann T, et al. Improving 10-year cardiovascular risk prediction in apparently healthy people: flexible addition of risk modifiers on top of SCORE2. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023;30:1705–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwad187 28. Fuchs A, Kuhl JT, Sigvardsen PE, Afzal S, Knudsen AD, Moller MB, et al. Subclinical coronary atherosclerosis and risk for myocardial infarction in a Danish cohort: a prospective observational cohort study. Ann Intern Med 2023;176:433–42. https://doi.org/10. 7326/M22-3027 29. Lee SE, Chang HJ, Sung JM, Park HB, Heo R, Rizvi A, et al. Effects of statins on coronary atherosclerotic plaques: the PARADIGM study. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2018;11: 1475–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.04.015 30. van Rosendael AR, van den Hoogen IJ, Gianni U, Ma X, Tantawy SW, Bax AM, et al. Association of statin treatment with progression of coronary atherosclerotic plaque composition. JAMA Cardiol 2021;6:1257–66. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2021. 3055 31. Marx N, Federici M, Schütt K, Muller-Wieland D, Ajjan RA, Antunes MJ, et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. Eur Heart J 2023;44:4043–140. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad192 32. SCORE2-Diabetes Working Group and the ESC Cardiovascular Risk Collaboration. SCORE2-diabetes: 10-year cardiovascular risk estimation in type 2 diabetes in Europe. Eur Heart J 2023;44:2544–56. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad260 33. Mortensen MB, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Nordestgaard BG. Statin eligibility for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease according to 2021 European Prevention Guidelines compared with other international guidelines. JAMA Cardiol 2022;7: 836–43. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2022.1876 34. Domanski MJ, Wu CO, Tian X, Hasan AA, Ma X, Huang Y, et al. Association of incident cardiovascular disease with time course and cumulative exposure to multiple risk factors. J Am Coll Cardiol 2023;81:1151–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2023.01.024 35. Ference BA, Bhatt DL, Catapano AL, Packard CJ, Graham I, Kaptoge S, et al. Association of genetic variants related to combined exposure to lower low-density lipoproteins and lower systolic blood pressure with lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease. JAMA 2019;322:1381–91. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.14120 36. Fuster V, Garcia-Alvarez A, Devesa A, Mass V, Owen R, Quesada A, et al. Influence of subclinical atherosclerosis burden and progression on mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 84:1391–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2024.06.045 37. Patel AP, Wang M, Pirruccello JP, Ellinor PT, Ng K, Kathiresan S, et al. Lp(a) (lipoprotein[a]) concentrations and incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: new insights from a large national biobank. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021;41:465–74. https://doi.org/10.1161/ATVBAHA.120.315291 38. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists Collaboration; Fulcher J, O’Connell R, Voysey M, Emberson J, Blackwell L, et al. Efficacy and safety of LDL-lowering therapy among men and women: meta-analysis of individual data from 174,000 participants in 27 randomised trials. Lancet 2015;385:1397–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61368-4 39. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists Collaborators; Mihaylova B, Emberson J, Blackwell L, Keech A, Simes J, et al. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. Lancet 2012;380:581–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60367-5 40. Ruscica M, Sirtori CR, Carugo S, Banach M, Corsini A. Bempedoic acid: for whom and when. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022;24:791–801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11883-022- 01054-2 41. Pinkosky SL, Newton RS, Day EA, Ford RJ, Lhotak S, Austin RC, et al. Liver-specific ATP-citrate lyase inhibition by bempedoic acid decreases LDL-C and attenuates atherosclerosis. Nat Commun 2016;7:13457. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13457 42. Ray KK, Bays HE, Catapano AL, Lalwani ND, Bloedon LT, Sterling LR, et al. Safety and efficacy of bempedoic acid to reduce LDL cholesterol. N Engl J Med 2019;380: 1022–32. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1803917 43. Bays HE, Baum SJ, Brinton EA, Plutzky J, Hanselman JC, Teng R, et al. Effect of bempedoic acid plus ezetimibe fixed-dose combination vs ezetimibe or placebo on lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypercholesterolemia not treated with statins. Am J Prev Cardiol 2021;8:100278. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ajpc.2021.100278 44. Ballantyne CM, Laufs U, Ray KK, Leiter LA, Bays HE, Goldberg AC, et al. Bempedoic acid plus ezetimibe fixed-dose combination in patients with hypercholesterolemia and high CVD risk treated with maximally tolerated statin therapy. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2020;27:593–603. https://doi.org/10.1177/2047487319864671 45. Ray KK, Nicholls SJ, Li N, Louie MJ, Brennan D, Lincoff AM, et al. Efficacy and safety of bempedoic acid among patients with and without diabetes: prespecified analysis of the CLEAR outcomes randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024;12:19–28. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00316-9 46. Ference BA, Ray KK, Catapano AL, Ference TB, Burgess S, Neff DR, et al. Mendelian randomization study of ACLY and cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2019;380: 1033–42. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1806747 47. Lincoff AM, Ray KK, Sasiela WJ, Haddad T, Nicholls SJ, Li N, et al. Comparative cardiovascular benefits of bempedoic acid and statin drugs. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024;84:152–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2024.04.048 48. Ray KK, Wright RS, Kallend D, Koenig W, Leiter LA, Raal FJ, et al. Two phase 3 trials of Inclisiran in patients with elevated LDL cholesterol. N Engl J Med 2020;382:1507–19. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1912387 49. Cuchel M, Raal FJ, Hegele RA, Al-Rasadi K, Arca M, Averna M, et al. 2023 Update on European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus statement on homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: new treatments and clinical guidance. Eur Heart J 2023;44: 2277–91. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad197 50. Gaudet D, Greber-Platzer S, Reeskamp LF, Iannuzzo G, Rosenson RS, Saheb S, et al. Evinacumab in homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: long-term safety and efficacy. Eur Heart J 2024;45:2422–34. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae325 51. Wiegman A, Greber-Platzer S, Ali S, Reijman MD, Brinton EA, Charng MJ, et al. Evinacumab for pediatric patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Circulation 2024;149:343–53. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065529 52. Ouchi Y, Sasaki J, Arai H, Yokote K, Harada K, Katayama Y, et al. Ezetimibe lipid-lowering trial on prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in 75 or older (EWTOPIA 75): a randomized, controlled trial. Circulation 2019;140: 992–1003. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.039415 53. Nissen SE, Stroes E, Dent-Acosta RE, Rosenson RS, Lehman SJ, Sattar N, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of evolocumab vs ezetimibe in patients with muscle-related statin intolerance: the GAUSS-3 randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016;315:1580–90. https:// doi.org/10.1001/jama.2016.3608 54. Moriarty PM, Thompson PD, Cannon CP, Guyton JR, Bergeron J, Zieve FJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab vs ezetimibe in statin-intolerant patients, with a statin rechallenge arm: the ODYSSEY ALTERNATIVE randomized trial. J Clin Lipidol 2015;9: 758–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2015.08.006 55. Goldberg AC, Leiter LA, Stroes ESG, Baum SJ, Hanselman JC, Bloedon LT, et al. Effect of bempedoic acid vs placebo added to maximally tolerated statins on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease: the CLEAR wisdom randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2019;322:1780–8. https://doi.org/10.1001/ jama.2019.16585 56. de Lemos JA, Blazing MA, Wiviott SD, Lewis EF, Fox KA, White HD, et al. Early intensive vs a delayed conservative simvastatin strategy in patients with acute coronary syndromes: phase Z of the A to Z trial. JAMA 2004;292:1307–16. https://doi.org/10.1001/ jama.292.11.1307 57. Ray KK, Cannon CP, McCabe CH, Cairns R, Tonkin AM, Sacks FM, et al. Early and late benefits of high-dose atorvastatin in patients with acute coronary syndromes: results from the PROVE IT-TIMI 22 trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:1405–10. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.03.077 58. Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, Barbato E, Berry C, Chieffo A, et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 2023;44: 3720–826. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehad191 59. Vrints C, Andreotti F, Koskinas KC, Rossello X, Adamo M, Ainslie J, et al. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:3415–537. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae177 60. Rossello X, Bueno H, Pocock SJ, Van de Werf F, Danchin N, Annemans L, et al. Predictors of all-cause mortality and ischemic events within and beyond 1 year after an acute coronary syndrome: results from the EPICOR registry. Clin Cardiol 2019; 42:111–9. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.23116 61. Jernberg T, Hasvold P, Henriksson M, Hjelm H, Thuresson M, Janzon M. Cardiovascular risk in post-myocardial infarction patients: nationwide real world data demonstrate the importance of a long-term perspective. Eur Heart J 2015;36:1163–70. https:// doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehu505 62. Steen DL, Khan I, Andrade K, Koumas A, Giugliano RP. Event rates and risk factors for recurrent cardiovascular events and mortality in a contemporary post acute coronary Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/46/42/4359/8234482 by guest on 07 October 2026