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11 Evidence tables Evidence tables are available at European Heart Journal online. 12 Data availability statement No new data were generated or analysed in support of this research. 13 Author information Author/Task Force Member Affiliations: Lale Tokgözoğlu, Cardiology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye; Lina Badimon, Cardiovascular Health Sciences, UVIC-UCC, Barcelona, Spain, and Translational and Clinical Research, Foundation for Cardiovascular Prevention and Innovation, Barcelona, Spain; Colin Baigent, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Marianne Benn, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Christoph J. Binder, Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Alberico L. Catapano, Center for the Study of Atherosclerosis, Multimedica IRCCS, Milan, Italy and Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Guy G. De Backer, Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Victoria Delgado, Cardiology, Hospital University Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Natalia Fabin, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy and Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Brian A. Ference, Cardiovascular Medicine, Deep Causal AI Institute for Clinical Translation, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Ian M. Graham, Department of Cardiology, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland; Ulf Landmesser, Department of Cardiology, Angiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany and Friede Springer Cardiovascular Prevention Center@Charité, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Ulrich Laufs, Department of Cardiology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany; Borislava Mihaylova, Wolfson Institute of Population Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom, and Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Børge Grønne Nordestgaard, Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital - Herlev and Gentofte, Copenhagen, Denmark and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dimitrios J. Richter, Cardiac Department, Euroclinic Hospital, Athens, Greece; Marc S. Sabatine, TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America. 14 Appendix ESC/EAS Scientific Document Group Includes Document Reviewers and ESC National Cardiac Societies. Document Reviewers: Christian Eugen Mueller (ESC Review Co-ordinator) (Switzerland), Heinz Drexel (EAS Review Co-ordinator) (Austria), Ana Abreu (Portugal), Marianna Adamo (Italy), Suleman Aktaa (United Kingdom), Folkert W. Asselbergs (Netherlands), Antonio Baldini (Italy), Giuseppe Boriani (Italy), Margarita Brida (Croatia), Marianne Brodmann (Austria), Edina Cenko (Italy), Nikolaos Dagres (Germany), Jörn Dopheide (Switzerland), Christoph Ebenbichler (Austria), Estelle Gandjbakhch (France), Diana A. Gorog (United Kingdom), Ioanna Gouni-Berthold (Germany), Luigina Guasti (Italy), Bettina Heidecker (Germany), Borja Ibanez (Spain), Stefan James (Sweden), Peter Juni (United Kingdom), Marta Kałużna-Oleksy (Poland), Konstantin A. Krychtiuk (Austria), Gregory Y.H. Lip (United Kingdom), Roberto Lorusso (Netherlands), Felix Mahfoud (Switzerland), Marco Metra (Italy), Inge Moelgaard (Denmark), João Morais (Portugal), Lis Neubeck (United Kingdom), Steven E. Nissen (United States of America), Elena Osto (Austria/ Switzerland), Klaus G. Parhofer (Germany), Leopoldo Perez De Isla (Spain), Maurizio Pesce (Italy/Saudi Arabia), Zaneta Petrulioniene (Lithuania), Eva Prescott (Denmark), Ernst Rietzschel (Belgium), Bianca Rocca (Italy), Jose Fernando Rodriguez Palomares (Spain), Xavier Rossello (Spain), Anna Sannino (Germany), Anne Grete Semb (Norway), Jolanta M. Siller-Matula (Austria), Thenral Socrates (Switzerland), Felix C. Tanner (Switzerland), Johann Wojta (Austria), Alberto Zambon (Italy), and Katja Zeppenfeld (Netherlands). Contributor either withdrew or was engaged in only a part of the review process: Winfried Maerz (Germany) ESC National Cardiac Societies actively involved in the review process of the 2025 Focused Update of the 2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: Algeria: Algerian Society of Cardiology, Nadia Laredj; Armenia: Armenian Cardiologists Association, Hamlet Hayrapetyan; Austria: Austrian Society of Cardiology, Walter Stefan Speidl; Azerbaijan: Azerbaijan Society of Cardiology, Fuad Samadov; Belgium: Belgian Society of Cardiology, Philippe van de Borne; Bosnia and Herzegovina: Association of Cardiologists of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zumreta Kusljugic; Bulgaria: Bulgarian Society of Cardiology, Arman Postadzhiyan; Cyprus: Cyprus Society of Cardiology, Hera Heracleous; Czechia: Czech Society of Cardiology, Petr Ostadal; Denmark: Danish Society of Cardiology, Finn Lund Henriksen; Egypt: Egyptian Society of Cardiology, Mohamed Seleem Mohamed; Estonia: Estonian Society of Cardiology, Margus Viigimaa; Finland: Finnish Cardiac Society, Markus Juonala; France: French Society of Cardiology, Franck Boccara; Georgia: Georgian Society of Cardiology, Archil Chukhrukidze; Germany: German Cardiac Society, Oliver Weingärtner; Greece: Hellenic Society of Cardiology, Maria Marketou; Hungary: Hungarian Society of Cardiology, Robert Gabor Kiss; Iceland: Icelandic Society of Cardiology, Axel F. Sigurdsson; Ireland: Irish Cardiac Society, Vincent Maher; Recommendation Table 8 — Recommendations for dietary supplements (see also Supplementary data online, Evidence Table 8) Recommendation Classa Levelb Dietary supplements or vitamins without documented safety and significant LDL-C-lowering efficacy are not recommended to lower the risk of ASCVD.10,11 III B © ESC/EAS 2025 ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. aClass of recommendation. bLevel of evidence. Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/46/42/4359/8234482 by guest on 07 October 2026