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Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Dunning classification Older age Cardiovascular risk factors Atherosclerosis Aortic aneurysm PAD Risk factors Aortic canulation Coronary angiography 4 cm Aetiology 4 cm 4 cm Figure 37 Aetiology, risk factors, and classification of iatrogenic aortic injuries. PAD, peripheral arterial disease. Dunning classification of iatrogenic aortic dissection:1377: type 1, dissection limited to the sinuses of Valsalva; type 2, dissection of the ascending aorta outside the sinuses but < 40 mm from the aortic annulus. type 3, dissection > 40 mm from the annulus. ESC Guidelines 3635 Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/45/36/3538/7738955 by guest on 07 October 2026