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Recommendation Table 31 — Recommendations for treatment strategies for renal artery disease (see also Evidence Table 10) ...... 3600 Recommendation Table 32 — Recommendations in patients with visceral artery stenosis ........................................................................................ 3602 Recommendation Table 33 — Recommendations for primary and secondary prevention in aortic atheromatous plaques ........................ 3602 Recommendation Table 34 — Recommendations for initial evaluation of thoracic aortic aneurysm and abdominal aortic aneurysm .................................................................................................................. 3603 Recommendation Table 35 — Recommendation for the surveillance of patients with thoracic aortic aneurysms (non-heritable thoracic aortic disease) ......................................................................................................... 3607 Recommendation Table 36 — Recommendations for surveillance of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm .................................................. 3609 Recommendation Table 37 — Recommendations for medical treatment in patients with thoracic aorta or abdominal aortic aneurysms ................................................................................................................ 3609 Recommendation Table 38 — Recommendations for surgery in aortic root and ascending aorta dilatation associated with tricuspid aortic valve (see also Evidence Table 11) ................................................... 3611 Recommendation Table 39 — Recommendations for surgery in aortic arch aneurysms ......................................................................................... 3611 Recommendation Table 40 — Recommendations for the management of patients presenting with descending thoracic aortic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms ................................................... 3613 Recommendation Table 41 — Recommendations for the management of patients presenting with abdominal aortic aneurysm .................................................................................................................. 3615 Recommendation Table 42 — Recommendations for the management of patients presenting with endoleaks ............................. 3617 Recommendation Table 43 — Recommendations for follow-up after treatment of aortic aneurysms (see also Evidence Table 12) 3618 Recommendation Table 44 — Recommendations for diagnostic work-up of acute aortic syndromes ............................................................. 3622 Recommendation Table 45 — Recommendation for medical treatment in acute aortic syndromes ........................................................... 3623 Recommendation Table 46 — Recommendations for intervention in type A acute aortic dissection .................................................................... 3624 Recommendation Table 47 — Recommendations for aortic repair strategies in type A acute aortic dissection ............................................... 3624 Recommendation Table 48 — Recommendations for the management of malperfusion in the setting of acute aortic dissection .................................................................................................................. 3628 Recommendation Table 49 — Recommendations for the management of patients presenting with acute type B aortic dissection .................................................................................................................. 3629 Recommendation Table 50 — Recommendations for the management of patients presenting with chronic type B aortic dissection .................................................................................................................. 3629 Recommendation Table 51 — Recommendations for the management of intramural haematoma ...................................................... 3631 Recommendation Table 52 — Recommendations for the management of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer ................................. 3631 Recommendation Table 53 — Recommendations for traumatic aortic injury .............................................................................................................. 3633 Recommendation Table 54 — Recommendations for follow-up after treatment of acute aortic syndrome ................................................. 3637 Recommendation Table 55 — Recommendations for the management of patients with heritable thoracic aortic disease ....... 3637 Recommendation Table 56 — Recommendations for genetic testing and aortic screening in aortic disease .......................................................... 3638 Recommendation Table 57 — Recommendations for imaging in women with Turner syndrome ...................................................................... 3638 Recommendation Table 58 — Recommendations for aortic surgery in women with Turner syndrome ................................................................. 3640 Recommendation Table 59 — Recommendations for medical treatment in patients with vascular Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (see also Evidence Table 13) ...................................................................................... 3641 Recommendation Table 60 — Recommendations for vascular imaging in Marfan syndrome ............................................................................ 3642 Recommendation Table 61 — Recommendations for medical treatment in Marfan syndrome (see also Evidence Table 14) ........... 3642 Recommendation Table 62 — Recommendations for aortic surgery in Marfan syndrome ............................................................................................. 3642 Recommendation Table 63 — Recommendations for pregnancy in women with Marfan syndrome ...................................................................... 3643 Recommendation Table 64 — Recommendations for physical exercise in patients with Marfan syndrome .............................................. 3643 Recommendation Table 65 — Recommendations for imaging follow-up in Loeys–Dietz syndrome ............................................................ 3644 Recommendation Table 66 — Recommendations for aortic root surgery in Loeys–Dietz syndrome ................................................................. 3644 Recommendation Table 67 — Recommendations for imaging and surgery in ACTA2-related heritable thoracic aortic disease (see also Evidence Table 11) ............................................................................................... 3645 Recommendation Table 68 — Recommendations for bicuspid aortic valve-associated aortopathy management ........................................................ 3647 Recommendation Table 69 — Recommendations for evaluation and medical treatment of patients with coarctation of the aorta ............ 3648 Recommendation Table 70 — Recommendations for screening and management of polyvascular disease and peripheral arterial disease with cardiac diseases (see also Evidence Table 15) ............................... 3652

List of tables

Table 1 Classes of recommendations .......................................................... 3547 Table 2 Levels of evidence ................................................................................ 3548 Table 3 New recommendations .................................................................... 3550 Table 4 Revised recommendations ............................................................... 3555 Table 5 Main aortic imaging techniques ...................................................... 3564 Table 6 High-risk populations for carotid artery stenosis .................. 3567 Table 7 Peripheral arterial disease categorized according to clinical presentation ............................................................................................................ 3574 Table 8 Assessment of the risk of amputation: the Wound, Ischaemia, and foot Infection classification ................................................ 3577 Table 9 Clinical categories of acute limb ischaemia ............................... 3588 Table 10 Peak systolic velocity criteria for grading internal carotid artery stenosis ........................................................................................................ 3591 Table 11 High-risk features associated with increased risk of stroke in patients with asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis on optimal medical treatment ................................................................................ 3592 Table 12 High-risk peri-operative features for carotid endarterectomy ..................................................................................................... 3595 Table 13 Clinical signs suggestive of renal artery disease .................... 3598 Table 14 Grading of atherosclerotic aortic plaques .............................. 3603 Table 15 Overview of factors favouring open vs. endovascular repair in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm ......................................................... 3613 Table 16 High-risk features of intramural haematoma type A and B 3630 Table 17 Need for assessment of associated atherosclerotic disease in additional vascular territories in symptomatic patients with coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, or carotid stenosis ............... 3651 Table 18 ‘What to do’ and ‘What not to do’ .......................................... 3654

ESC Guidelines                                                                                                                                                                                          3543

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