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Data on the efficacy of exercise therapy in women compared with men are scarce. Women may respond less well than men,476,477 although discrepancies among studies exist.478–481 SET combined with endovascular revascularization significantly improves walking performance, HRQoL, and reduces future revascularization.482,483

An exercise therapy algorithm in PAD has been recently described.62

Supervised hospital-based

exercise programmes Supervised home-based

exercise programmes

Training characteristics

Training benefits

Potential involved mechanisms

Mitochondrial content/function

Symptoms Quality

of life Walking performance Patient awareness CVR Functional

status

Arteriogenesis Endothelial

function Myofibre size Inflammation

Supervised group sessions

Different training modes Remote monitoring, logbook and connected devices

At least three times per week

Different levels of elicited pain

Low-to-moderate exercise intensity (or high if tolerated)

Session duration of at least 30 min. Programmes duration of at least 12 weeks.

Figure 13 Exercise training characteristics and benefits in patients with peripheral arterial disease. CVR, cardiovascular risk.

ESC Guidelines                                                                                                                                                                                          3581

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