p.4 抽出テキスト

9.6. Diabetes ..................................................................................................... 3975 9.6.1. Diabetes and elevated blood pressure/hypertension ..... 3975 9.6.2. J-shaped curve of blood pressure and risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes ........................... 3975 9.6.3. Managing blood pressure in diabetes ..................................... 3975 9.7. Chronic kidney disease ........................................................................ 3975 9.7.1. Relationship between hypertension and chronic kidney disease .............................................................................................................. 3975 9.7.2. Blood pressure lowering in chronic kidney disease ......... 3976 9.7.3. Managing blood pressure in chronic kidney disease ........ 3976 9.7.4. Blood pressure targets in chronic kidney disease ............ 3976 9.8. Cardiac disease ........................................................................................ 3976 9.8.1. Blood pressure thresholds and targets in patients with cardiac disease .............................................................................................. 3976 9.8.2. Coronary artery disease with particular reference to the blood pressure J-curve ............................................................................. 3977 9.8.3. Valvular heart disease ................................................................... 3977 9.8.4. Heart failure ...................................................................................... 3977 9.8.5. Heart rhythm disease (including AF) ...................................... 3978 9.9. Chronic cerebrovascular disease and/or cognitive impairment ...................................................................... 3978 9.9.1. Role of hypertension in chronic cerebrovascular disease 3978 9.9.2. Treatment in patients with history of prior stroke or transient ischaemic attack ....................................................................... 3978 9.9.3. Treatment in patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease and cognitive impairment ........................................................ 3978 9.10. Aortopathy ............................................................................................. 3979 9.10.1. Coarctation of the aorta ........................................................... 3979 9.10.2. Bicuspid aortic valve-related aortopathy ........................... 3979 9.10.3. Preventing aortic dilation and dissection in high-risk patients ............................................................................................................ 3979 9.11. Different ethnic groups ..................................................................... 3979 9.12. Nocturnal hypertension .................................................................... 3979 9.12.1. Definition ......................................................................................... 3979 9.12.2. Epidemiology .................................................................................. 3980 9.12.3. Night-time blood pressure as a cardiovascular disease risk factor ....................................................................................................... 3980 9.12.4. Treatment of nocturnal hypertension ................................ 3980 9.13. Resistant hypertension ...................................................................... 3980 9.13.1. Definition of resistant hypertension .................................... 3980 9.13.2. Non-pharmacological interventions ..................................... 3980 9.13.3. Pharmacological interventions ................................................ 3980 9.13.4. Devices for blood pressure lowering .................................. 3981 9.14. Management of specific causes of secondary hypertension 3982 9.14.1. General considerations .............................................................. 3982 9.14.2. Primary aldosteronism ............................................................... 3982 9.14.3. Renovascular hypertension ...................................................... 3982 9.14.4. Phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma .................................. 3983 9.14.5. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome ................................... 3983 9.14.6. Drug-induced hypertension ..................................................... 3983 9.14.6.1. Anticancer drug-induced hypertension ...................... 3983 9.14.7. Other forms of secondary hypertension ........................... 3983 10. Acute and short-term lowering of blood pressure ........................ 3983 10.1. Acute blood pressure management in hypertensive emergencies ....................................................................................................... 3983 10.1.1. Definition and characteristics of hypertensive emergencies ................................................................................................... 3983 10.1.2. Acute management of hypertensive emergencies ......... 3984 10.1.3. Prognosis and follow-up ........................................................... 3984 10.2. Acute blood pressure management in acute intracerebral haemorrhage ..................................................................................................... 3984 10.3. Acute blood pressure management in acute ischaemic stroke ................................................................................................................... 3984 10.4. Acute blood pressure management in pre-eclampsia and severe hypertension in pregnancy ........................................................... 3985 10.4.1. Pre-eclampsia ................................................................................. 3985 10.4.2. Severe acute hypertension in pregnancy ........................... 3985 10.5. Peri-operative acute management of elevated blood pressure .............................................................................................................. 3985 10.5.1. Blood pressure-lowering drugs in the peri-operative phase ................................................................................................................ 3985 11. Patient-centred care in hypertension ................................................... 3986 11.1. Definition ................................................................................................ 3986 11.2. Communicating consequences of treatment .......................... 3986 11.3. Self-measuring and monitoring ...................................................... 3987 11.4. Facilitating medication adherence and persistence ............... 3987 11.5. Multidisciplinary management ........................................................ 3987 12. Key messages .................................................................................................. 3988 13. Gaps in the evidence ................................................................................... 3989 14. ‘What to do’ and ‘what not to do’ messages from the guidelines 3989 15. Evidence tables ............................................................................................... 3993 16. Data availability statement ......................................................................... 3993 17. Author information ...................................................................................... 3993 18. Appendix ........................................................................................................... 3993 19. References ........................................................................................................ 3994

Tables of Recommendations

Recommendation Table 1 — Recommendations for measuring blood pressure (see Evidence Tables 1–8) ................................................ 3935 Recommendation Table 2 — Recommendations for categorizing blood pressure (see Evidence Table 9) ....................................................... 3936 Recommendation Table 3 — Recommendations for assessing cardiovascular disease risk among individuals with elevated blood pressure (office systolic blood pressure 120–139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 70–89 mmHg) (see Evidence Tables 10 and 11) .... 3939 Recommendation Table 4 — Recommendations for refining cardiovascular disease risk (see Evidence Tables 12–14) .................... 3941 Recommendation Table 5 — Recommendations for blood pressure screening (see Evidence Table 15) ................................................................ 3943 Recommendation Table 6 — Recommendations for confirming hypertension diagnosis ........................................................................................ 3943 Recommendation Table 7 — Recommendations for assessing adherence and persistence with treatment  (see Evidence Table 16) 3945 Recommendation Table 8 — Recommendations for assessing renal hypertension-mediated organ damage ........................................................ 3947 Recommendation Table 9 — Recommendations for assessing cardiac hypertension-mediated organ damage ........................................ 3947 Recommendation Table 10 — Recommendations for assessing vascular hypertension-mediated organ damage (see Evidence Table 17) ................................................................................................................... 3948 Recommendation Table 11 — Recommendations for genetic testing in hypertension management .......................................................................... 3948 Recommendation Table 12 — Recommendations for resistant hypertension work-up (see Evidence Table 18) ...................................... 3950

ESC Guidelines                                                                                                                                                                                          3915

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