p.2 抽出テキスト

Document Reviewers: Ana Abreu, (CPG Review Co-ordinator) (Portugal), Michael Hecht Olsen, (CPG Review Co-ordinator) (Denmark), Marco Ambrosetti (Italy), Emmanuel Androulakis (United Kingdom), Lia Evi Bang (Denmark), Jesper Nørgaard Bech (Denmark), Michael A. Borger (Germany), Pierre Boutouyrie (France), Luís Bronze (Portugal), Sergio Buccheri (Sweden), Regina Dalmau (Spain), Maria Carmen De Pablo Zarzosa (Spain), Christian Delles (United Kingdom), Maria Manuela Fiuza (Portugal), Rahima Gabulova (Azerbaijan), Bjørn Olav Haugen (Norway), Christian Heiss (United Kingdom), Borja Ibanez (Spain), Stefan James (Sweden), Vikas Kapil (United Kingdom), Meral Kayikçioglu (Turkey), Lars Køber (Denmark), Konstantinos C. Koskinas (Switzerland), Emanuela Teresa Locati (Italy), Sharon MacDonald (United Kingdom), Anastasia S. Mihailidou (Australia), Borislava Mihaylova (United Kingdom), Richard Mindham (United Kingdom), Martin Bodtker Mortensen (Denmark), Sandor Nardai (Hungary), Lis Neubeck (United Kingdom), Jens Cosedis Nielsen (Denmark), Peter M. Nilsson (Sweden), Agnes A. Pasquet (Belgium), Mónica Mendes Pedro (Portugal), Eva Prescott (Denmark), Amina Rakisheva (Kazakhstan), Ernst Rietzschel (Belgium), Bianca Rocca (Italy), Xavier Rossello (Spain), Jean-Paul Schmid (Switzerland), Eduard Shantsila (United Kingdom), Isabella Sudano (Switzerland), Ana Teresa Timóteo (Portugal), Georgios Tsivgoulis3 (Greece), Andrea Ungar4 (Italy), Ilonca Vaartjes (Netherlands), Frank Visseren (Netherlands), Heinz Voeller (Germany), Christiaan Vrints (Belgium), Adam Witkowski (Poland), Maria-Christina Zennaro2 (France), and Katja Zeppenfeld (Netherlands)

All experts involved in the development of these guidelines have submitted declarations of interest, which are reported in a supplementary document to the guidelines. See the European Heart Journal online or www.escardio.org/Guidelines for supplementary documents, as well as evidence tables.

Click here to access the corresponding ESC CardioMed chapters.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Keywords Guidelines • Blood pressure • Hypertension • Hypertension-mediated organ damage • Blood pressure measurement • Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring • Home blood pressure monitoring • Antihypertensive medication • Hypertension treatment • Hypertension targets • Secondary hypertension • Cardiovascular disease risk estimation • Cardiovascular disease prevention • Resistant hypertension • Hypertension screening

Table of contents

1. Preamble .............................................................................................................. 3918 2. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 3919 2.1. What is new ............................................................................................. 3920 3. Pathophysiology of elevated blood pressure and hypertension .. 3928 4. Clinical consequences of elevated blood pressure and hypertension ................................................................................................... 3928 5. Measuring blood pressure ............................................................................ 3929 5.1. Introduction and pertinent definitions .......................................... 3929 5.2. Practical recommendations for measuring blood pressure . 3930 5.2.1. Clinical validation of equipment for measuring blood pressure .......................................................................................................... 3930 5.2.2. Office blood pressure measurement ..................................... 3930 5.2.3. Home blood pressure measurement ..................................... 3931 5.2.4. Ambulatory blood pressure measurement ......................... 3933 5.2.5. Comparison of home and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ...................................................................................................... 3934 5.3. What is the best method for measuring blood pressure to diagnose hypertension? ................................................................................ 3934 5.3.1. Blood pressure measurement for hypertension screening ......................................................................................................... 3934 5.3.2. Blood pressure measurement for diagnosing hypertension ................................................................................................. 3934 5.4. What is the best method for measuring blood pressure for long-term management of hypertension? ............................................ 3934 5.4.1. Home monitoring ........................................................................... 3934 5.4.2. Ambulatory monitoring ............................................................... 3934 5.5. Measuring blood pressure in selected groups ........................... 3935 5.5.1. Pregnancy ........................................................................................... 3935 5.5.2. Atrial fibrillation ............................................................................... 3935 5.5.3. Orthostatic hypotension ............................................................. 3935 5.6. Novel methods of measuring blood pressure ........................... 3935 6. Definition and classification of elevated blood pressure and hypertension, and cardiovascular disease risk assessment .................. 3936

6.1. Definition and classification of elevated blood pressure and hypertension ..................................................................................................... 3936 6.2. Principles of a risk-based approach for managing blood pressure and preventing cardiovascular disease ................................ 3936 6.2.1. Role of cardiovascular disease risk assessment ................. 3936 6.3. Predicting cardiovascular disease risk ............................................ 3937 6.3.1. 10-year cardiovascular disease risk-prediction models .. 3938 6.4. Refining cardiovascular disease risk estimation beyond risk models ................................................................................................................. 3939

ESC Guidelines                                                                                                                                                                                          3913

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