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2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of

elevated blood pressure and hypertension

Developed by the task force on the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and endorsed by the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) and the European Stroke Organisation (ESO) Authors/Task Force Members: John William McEvoy  *†, (Chairperson) (Ireland), Cian P. McCarthy ‡, (Task Force Co-ordinator) (United States of America), Rosa Maria Bruno ‡, (Task Force Co-ordinator) (France), Sofie Brouwers (Belgium), Michelle D. Canavan (Ireland), Claudio Ceconi (Italy), Ruxandra Maria Christodorescu (Romania), Stella S. Daskalopoulou (Canada), Charles J. Ferro 1 (United Kingdom), Eva Gerdts (Norway), Henner Hanssen (Switzerland), Julie Harris (United Kingdom), Lucas Lauder (Switzerland/Germany), Richard J. McManus (United Kingdom), Gerard J. Molloy (Ireland), Kazem Rahimi (United Kingdom), Vera Regitz-Zagrosek (Germany), Gian Paolo Rossi 2 (Italy), Else Charlotte Sandset 3 (Norway), Bart Scheenaerts (Belgium), Jan A. Staessen (Belgium), Izabella Uchmanowicz (Poland), Maurizio Volterrani (Italy), Rhian M. Touyz  *†, (Chairperson) (Canada), and ESC Scientific Document Group

*  Corresponding authors: John William McEvoy, Department of Cardiology, University of Galway School of Medicine, Galway, Ireland, and National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, Galway, Ireland. Tel: +353 91 544310, E-mail: johnwilliam.mcevoy@universityofgalway.ie; and Rhian M. Touyz, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, and the Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Tel: +1 514 934 1934 ext 71608, E-mail: Rhian.touyz@mcgill.ca † The two Chairpersons contributed equally to the document and are joint corresponding authors. ‡ The two Task Force Co-ordinators contributed equally to the document. Author/Task Force Member affiliations are listed in author information. 1Representing the European Renal Association (ERA), 2Representing the European Society of Endocrinology (ESE), 3Representing the European Stroke Organisation (ESO), 4Representing the European Geriatric Medicine Society (EuGMS). ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) Committee: listed in the Appendix. ESC subspecialty communities having participated in the development of this document: Associations: Association of Cardiovascular Nursing & Allied Professions (ACNAP), European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC), European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), Heart Failure Association (HFA). Councils: Council for Cardiology Practice, Council on Hypertension, Council on Stroke. Working Groups: Aorta and Peripheral Vascular Diseases, Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy, E-Cardiology. Patient Forum Disclaimer. The ESC Guidelines represent the views of the ESC and were produced after careful consideration of the scientific and medical knowledge and the evidence available at the time of their publication. The ESC is not responsible in the event of any contradiction, discrepancy and/or ambiguity between the ESC Guidelines and any other official recommendations or guidelines issued by the relevant public health authorities, in particular in relation to good use of healthcare or therapeutic strategies. Health professionals are encouraged to take the ESC Guidelines fully into account when exercising their clinical judgment, as well as in the determination and the implementation of preventive, diagnostic or therapeutic medical strategies; however, the ESC Guidelines do not override, in any way whatsoever, the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and accurate decisions in consideration of each patient’s health condition and in consultation with that patient and, where appropriate and/or necessary, the patient’s caregiver. Nor do the ESC Guidelines exempt health professionals from taking into full and careful consideration the relevant official updated recommendations or guidelines issued by the competent public health authorities, in order to manage each patient’s case in light of the scientifically accepted data pursuant to their respective ethical and professional obligations. It is also the health professional’s responsibility to verify the applicable rules and regulations relating to drugs and medical devices at the time of prescription. The ESC warns readers that the technical language may be misinterpreted and declines any responsibility in this respect. Permissions. The content of these European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Guidelines has been published for personal and educational use only. No commercial use is authorized. No part of the ESC Guidelines may be translated or reproduced in any form without written permission from the ESC. Permissions can be obtained upon submission of a written request to Oxford University Press, the publisher of the European Heart Journal and the party authorized to handle such permissions on behalf of the ESC (journals.permissions@oup.com). © The European Society of Cardiology 2024. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted, used for text and data mining, or used for training artificial intelligence, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. ESC Guidelines are protected by copyright. As per opt out option under Article 4 §3 of EU Directive 2019/790, the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) reserves all rights to license uses of ESC Guidelines to train or develop generative artificial intelligence (AI) models, large language models or other deep learning or machine learning models.

European Heart Journal (2024) 45, 3912–4018 https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehae178

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