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Figure 15 Non-invasive diagnostic methods for AF screening .......... 3372 Figure 16 Approaches to screening for AF ............................................... 3374

Abbreviations and acronyms AAD Antiarrhythmic drugs ACE Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACEi Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ACS Acute coronary syndromes ACTIVE W Atrial fibrillation Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for prevention of Vascular Events (trial) AF Atrial fibrillation AF-CARE Atrial fibrillation—[C] Comorbidity and risk factor management, [A] Avoid stroke and thromboembolism, [R] Reduce symptoms by rate and rhythm control, [E] Evaluation and dynamic reassessment AFEQT Atrial Fibrillation Effect on QualiTy-of-Life (questionnaire) AFFIRM Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management (trial) AFL Atrial flutter AFQLQ Atrial Fibrillation Quality of Life Questionnaire AF-QoL Atrial Fibrillation Quality of Life (questionnaire) AFSS Atrial Fibrillation Severity Scale AI Artificial intelligence APACHE-AF Apixaban After Anticoagulation-associated Intracerebral Haemorrhage in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (trial) APAF-CRT Ablate and Pace for Atrial Fibrillation—cardiac resynchronization therapy ARB Angiotensin receptor blocker ARTESiA Apixaban for the Reduction of Thromboembolism in Patients With Device-Detected Sub-Clinical Atrial Fibrillation (trial) AT Atrial tachycardia ATHENA A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Parallel Arm Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Dronedarone 400 mg twice daily for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Hospitalization or Death from Any Cause in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation/Atrial Flutter (trial) AUGUSTUS An open-label, 2 × 2 factorial, randomized controlled, clinical trial to evaluate the safety of apixaban vs. vitamin k antagonist and aspirin vs. aspirin placebo in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute coronary syndrome or percutaneous coronary intervention AVERROES Apixaban Versus Acetylsalicylic Acid to Prevent Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Patients Who Have Failed or Are Unsuitable for Vitamin K Antagonist Treatment (trial) AVN Atrioventricular node b.p.m. Beats per minute BMI Body mass index BNP B-type natriuretic peptide BP Blood pressure C2HEST Coronary artery disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1 point each); hypertension (1 point); elderly (age ≥75 years, 2 points); systolic heart failure (2 points); thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism, 1 point) CABANA Catheter Ablation versus Anti-arrhythmic Drug Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation (trial) CAD Coronary artery disease CASTLE-AF Catheter Ablation versus Standard Conventional Treatment in Patients With Left Ventricle (LV) Dysfunction and AF (trial) CASTLE-HTx Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With End-Stage Heart Failure and Eligibility for Heart Transplantation (trial) CCS Chronic coronary syndrome CHADS2 Congestive heart failure, hypertension, age >75 years, diabetes; previous stroke (2 points) CHA2DS2-VA Congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years (2 points), diabetes mellitus, prior stroke/transient ischaemic attack/arterial thromboembolism (2 points), vascular disease, age 65–74 years (score) CHA2DS2-VASc Congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years (2 points), diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or TIA or thromboembolism (2 points), vascular disease, age 65–74 years, sex category CKD Chronic kidney disease CMR Cardiac magnetic resonance COMPASS Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies (trial) CPAP Continuous positive airway pressure CrCl Creatinine clearance CRT Cardiac resynchronization therapy CT Computed tomography CTA Computed tomography angiography CTI Cavo-tricuspid isthmus DAPT Dual antiplatelet therapy DOAC Direct oral anticoagulant EAST-AFNET 4 Early treatment of Atrial fibrillation for Stroke prevention Trial ECG Electrocardiogram ECV Electrical cardioversion EHRA European Heart Rhythm Association ELAN Early versus Late initiation of direct oral Anticoagulants in post-ischaemic stroke patients with atrial fibrillatioN (trial) ESUS Embolic stroke of undetermined source FFP Fresh frozen plasma GI Gastrointestinal GWAS Genome-wide association studies HAS-BLED Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition, Labile international normalized ratio, Elderly (>65 years), Drugs/alcohol concomitantly (score) HAVOC Hypertension, age, valvular heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, obesity, congestive heart failure, and coronary artery disease HbA1c Haemoglobin A1c (glycated or glycosylated haemoglobin) HCM Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy HF Heart failure HFmrEF Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction HFpEF Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction HFrEF Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction HR Hazard ratio i.v. Intravenous Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/45/36/3314/7738779 by guest on 07 October 2026