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Recommendation Table 4 — Recommendations for the prevention of heart failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease ......................................................................................................... 3636 Recommendation Table 5 — Recommendations for the management of iron deficiency in patients with heart failure ........... 3637

List of tables

Table 1 Classes of recommendations .......................................................... 3630 Table 2 Levels of evidence ................................................................................ 3630 Table 3 Definition of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, mildly reduced ejection fraction, and preserved ejection fraction .. 3632

List of figures

Figure 1 Management of patients with heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction .................................................................................. 3633 Figure 2 Management of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction ..................................................................................................... 3633

Abbreviations and acronyms

ACE-I Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ADVOR Acetazolamide in Decompensated Heart Failure with Volume Overload (trial) AFFIRM-AHF A Randomized Double-blind Placebo Controlled Trial Comparing the Effects of Intravenous Ferric Carboxymaltose on Hospitalizations and Mortality in Iron Deficient Subjects Admitted for Acute Heart Failure (trial) ARB Angiotensin receptor blocker ARNI Angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor aRR Adjusted risk ratio CI Confidence interval CKD Chronic kidney disease CLOROTIC Combination of Loop Diuretics with Hydrochlorothiazide in Acute Heart Failure (trial) COACH Comparison of Outcomes and Access to Care for Heart Failure (trial) COR Class of recommendation CPG Clinical Practice Guidelines CREDENCE Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (trial) CV Cardiovascular DAPA-CKD Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease (trial) DAPA-HF Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse outcomes in Heart Failure (trial) DELIVER Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the LIVEs of Patients with PReserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure (trial) eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate EMPA-KIDNEY EMPAgliflozin once daily to assess cardio-renal outcomes in patients with chronic KIDNEY disease (trial) EMPEROR- Preserved

Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection (trial) EMPULSE Empagliflozin in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Heart Failure Who Have Been Stabilized (trial) ESC European Society of Cardiology FIDELIO-DKD Finerenone in Reducing Kidney Failure and Disease Progression in Diabetic Kidney Disease (trial) FIGARO-DKD Finerenone in Reducing Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (trial) HF Heart failure HFmrEF Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction HFnEF Heart failure with normal ejection fraction HFpEF Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction HFrEF Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction HR Hazard ratio IRONMAN Effectiveness of Intravenous Iron Treatment versus Standard Care in Patients with Heart Failure and Iron Deficiency (trial) i.v. Intravenous KDIGO Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes LOE Level of evidence LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction MRA Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide NYHA New York Heart Association OR Odds ratio PIVOTAL Proactive IV Iron Therapy in Haemodialysis Patients (trial) REVIVED-BCIS2 Revascularization for Ischemic Ventricular Dysfunction (trial) RR Risk ratio SCORED Effect of Sotagliflozin on Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate Renal Impairment Who Are at Cardiovascular Risk (trial) SGLT2 Sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 STRONG-HF Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Rapid Optimization, Helped by NT-proBNP Testing, of Heart Failure Therapies (trial) T2DM Type 2 diabetes mellitus TRANSFORM-HF Torsemide Comparison with Furosemide for Management of Heart Failure (trial) TRILUMINATE Pivotal

Clinical Trial to Evaluate Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients Treated With the Tricuspid Valve Repair System Pivotal (trial)

1 Preamble

Guidelines evaluate and summarize available evidence with the aim of assisting health professionals in proposing the best diagnostic or therapeutic approach for an individual patient with a given condition. Guidelines are intended for use by health professionals and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) makes its Guidelines freely available. ESC Guidelines do not override the individual responsibility of health professionals to make appropriate and accurate decisions in consideration of each patient’s health condition and in consultation with that patient or the patient’s caregiver where appropriate and/or necessary. It is also the health professional’s responsibility to verify the rules and

ESC Guidelines                                                                                                                                                                                          3629

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