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HbA1c Glycated haemoglobin HBPM Home blood pressure monitoring HCP Healthcare professional HDL-C High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol HF Heart failure HFmrEF Heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction HFpEF Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction HFrEF Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction HMOD Hypertension-mediated organ damage HR Hazard ratio ICD Implantable cardioverter defibrillator IFG Impaired fasting glucose IGT Impaired glucose tolerance IHD Ischaemic heart disease IMPROVE-IT Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial INR International normalized ratio IPD Individual participant data ISAR-REACT 5 Intracoronary Stenting and Antithrombotic Regimen: Rapid Early Action for Coronary Treatment ISCHEMIA International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches ISCHEMIA-CKD International Study of Comparative Health Effectiveness with Medical and Invasive Approaches–Chronic Kidney Disease ISTH International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis i.v. Intravenous J-DOIT3 Japan Diabetes Optimal Integrated Treatment Study for 3 Major Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases KDIGO Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes KRT Kidney replacement therapy LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol LEAD Lower-extremity artery disease LEADER Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes: Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcome Results LIBERATES Improving Glucose Control in Patients with Diabetes Following Myocardial Infarction: The Role of a Novel Glycaemia Monitoring Strategy Look AHEAD Action for Health in Diabetes LV Left ventricular LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction MACE Major adverse cardiovascular events MI Myocardial infarction MRA Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist NNH Number needed to harm NNT Number needed to treat NO Nitric oxide NOAC Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant NSTE-ACS Non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome NT-proBNP N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide NYHA New York Heart Association o.d. Once a day OAC Oral anticoagulant OARS Open-ended questions, Affirmation, Reflective listening, and Summarizing ODYSSEY DM-DYSLIPIDE- MIA Efficacy and Safety of Alirocumab Versus Usual Care on Top of Maximally Tolerated Statin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Mixed Dyslipidemia ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Evaluation of Cardiovascular Outcomes After an Acute Coronary Syndrome During Treatment With Alirocumab OGTT Oral glucose tolerance test OMT Optimal medical therapy OR Odds ratio ORIGIN Outcome Reduction With Initial Glargine Intervention ORION Inclisiran for Participants With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Elevated Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol PA Physical activity PAD Peripheral arterial diseases PARAGON-HF Efficacy and Safety of LCZ696 Compared to Valsartan, on Morbidity and Mortality in Heart Failure Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention PCSK9 Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 PEGASUS-TIMI 54 Prevention of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Prior Heart Attack Using Ticagrelor Compared to Placebo on a Background of Aspirin PIONEER 6 Trial Investigating the Cardiovascular Safety of Oral Semaglutide in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes PROactive PROspective pioglitAzone Clinical Trial In macroVascular Events QI Quality indicator QTc Correct QT interval RAS Renin–angiotensin system RCT Randomized controlled trial REDUCE-IT Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention REWIND Researching Cardiovascular Events With a Weekly Incretin in Diabetes ROS Reactive oxygen species RPG Random plasma glucose RR Relative risk SAPT Single antiplatelet therapy SAVOR-TIMI 53 Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus −Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 53 SBP Systolic blood pressure s.c. Subcutaneous SCD Sudden cardiac death SCORED Effect of Sotagliflozin on Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes and Moderate Renal Impairment Who Are at Cardiovascular Risk SCORE2- Diabetes type 2 diabetes-specific 10-year CVD risk score SCORE2-OP SCORE2-older persons SGLT2 Sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 SMART Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Timely ESC Guidelines 4049 Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/44/39/4043/7238227 by guest on 07 October 2026