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CHA2DS2-VASc Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 years (2 points), Diabetes mellitus, Stroke or transient ischaemic attack (2 points), Vascular disease, Age 65–74 years, Sex category (female) CHAP Chronic Hypertension and Pregnancy CHD Coronary heart disease CI Confidence interval CKD Chronic kidney disease CKD-EPI Chronic kidney disease epidemiology/CKD Epidemiology Collaboration CKD-MBD Chronic kidney disease–mineral bone disorder CLEAR Cholesterol Lowering via Bempedoic Acid, an ACL-Inhibiting Regimen CLTI Chronic limb-threatening ischaemia COMPASS Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies CPG Clinical Practice Guidelines CREDENCE Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation CRT Cardiac resynchronization therapy CRT-D Cardiac resynchronization therapy with an implantable defibrillator CRT-P Cardiac resynchronization therapy-pacemaker CT Computed tomography CTA Computed tomography angiography CURRENT- OASIS

Clopidogrel Optimal Loading Dose Usage to Reduce Recurrent EveNTs/Optimal Antiplatelet Strategy for InterventionS CV Cardiovascular CVD Cardiovascular disease CVOT Cardiovascular outcomes trial DAPA-CKD Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease DAPA-HF Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure DAPT Dual antiplatelet therapy DAT Dual antithrombotic therapy DBP Diastolic blood pressure DCCT Diabetes Control and Complications Trial DD Double diabetes DECLARE-TIMI 58 Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events −Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction 58 DELIVER Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the  Lives of Patients with Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure DES Drug-eluting stent DEVOTE A Trial Comparing Cardiovascular Safety of Insulin Degludec vs Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes at High Risk of Cardiovascular Events DIAL Diabetes lifetime-perspective prediction DIGAMI Diabetes Mellitus Insulin-Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction DiRECT Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial DPP-4 Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 EACTS European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery EASD European Association for the Study of Diabetes ECG Electrocardiogram EDC Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications EDIC Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate ELIXA Evaluation of Lixisenatide in Acute Coronary Syndrome EMMY Impact of EMpagliflozin on cardiac function and biomarkers of heart failure in patients with acute MYocardial infarction EMPA-KIDNEY The Study of Heart and Kidney Protection With Empagliflozin EMPA-REG OUTCOME

Empagliflozin Cardiovascular Outcome Event Trial in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients EMPA-RESPONSE- AHF

Empagliflozin on Clinical Outcomes in Patients With Acute Decompensated Heart Failure EMPEROR- Preserved

EMPagliflozin outcomE tRial in Patients With chrOnic heaRt Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction EMPEROR- Reduced

Empagliflozin Outcome Trial in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction EMPULSE A Study to Test the Effect of Empagliflozin in Patients Who Are in Hospital for Acute Heart Failure EORP EURObservational Research Programme ER Extended release ESC European Society of Cardiology ESH European Society of Hypertension EXAMINE Cardiovascular Outcomes Study of Alogliptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome EXSCEL Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering FIDELIO-DKD Efficacy and Safety of Finerenone in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Kidney Disease FIGARO-DKD Efficacy and Safety of Finerenone in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Clinical Diagnosis of Diabetic Kidney Disease FLOW Effect of Semaglutide Versus Placebo on the Progression of Renal Impairment in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease FOURIER Further Cardiovascular Outcomes Research with PCSK9 Inhibition in Subjects with Elevated Risk FPG Fasting plasma glucose GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus GFR Glomerular filtration rate GLOBAL- LEADERS

A Clinical Study Comparing Two Forms of Antiplatelet Therapy After Stent Implantation GLP-1 RA Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist GRACE Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events HARMONY Outcomes

Effect of Albiglutide, When Added to Standard Blood Glucose Lowering Therapies, on Major Cardiovascular Events in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus HAS-BLED Hypertension, Abnormal renal/liver function, Stroke, Bleeding history or predisposition, Labile international normalized ratio, Elderly (>65 years), Drugs/alcohol concomitantly Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/44/39/4043/7238227 by guest on 07 October 2026