p.4 抽出テキスト

10. Aortic and peripheral arterial diseases and diabetes ........................ 4104 10.1. The impact of diabetes on peripheral atherosclerosis ........... 4104 10.1.1. Diabetes and lower-extremity artery disease .................... 4104 10.1.2. Diabetes and carotid artery disease ....................................... 4106 10.2. Diabetes and aortic aneurysm .......................................................... 4106 11. Type 1 diabetes and cardiovascular disease ......................................... 4107 11.1. Cardiovascular risk assessment in type 1 diabetes .................. 4107 11.2. Managing cardiovascular risk .............................................................. 4107 11.2.1. Exercise and lifestyle ...................................................................... 4108 11.2.2. Lipid lowering ................................................................................... 4108 11.2.3. Blood pressure ................................................................................. 4108 11.2.4. Antiplatelet therapy ....................................................................... 4108 11.3. Glucose-lowering agents beyond insulin ...................................... 4108 11.4. Renal protection in type 1 diabetes ............................................... 4108 12. Person-centred care ....................................................................................... 4108 13. Practical guidance ............................................................................................. 4110 14. Key messages ..................................................................................................... 4110 15. Gaps in evidence ............................................................................................... 4111 16. Sex differences .................................................................................................. 4112 17. ‘What to do’ and ‘What not to do’ messages from the Guidelines 4113 18. Quality indicators ............................................................................................. 4117 19. Supplementary data ......................................................................................... 4117 20. Data availability statement ............................................................................ 4117 21. Author information ......................................................................................... 4117 22. Appendix .............................................................................................................. 4118 23. Acknowledgements ......................................................................................... 4118 24. References ........................................................................................................... 4119

Tables of Recommendations

Recommendation Table 1 — Recommendations for diagnosing diabetes ........................................................................................................................ 4060 Recommendation Table 2 — Recommendations for assessing cardiovascular risk in patients with type 2 diabetes ................................. 4061 Recommendation Table 3 — Recommendations for reducing weight in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without cardiovascular disease ............................................................................................ 4062 Recommendation Table 4 — Recommendations for nutrition in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without cardiovascular disease 4063 Recommendation Table 5 — Recommendations for physical activity/exercise in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without cardiovascular disease ............................................................................................ 4063 Recommendation Table 6 — Recommendations for smoking cessation in patients with type 2 diabetes with or without cardiovascular disease ............................................................................................ 4064 Recommendation Table 7 — Recommendations for glycaemic targets in patients with diabetes ........................................................................ 4064 Recommendation Table 8 — Recommendations for glucose-lowering treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease to reduce cardiovascular risk 4072 Recommendation Table 9 — Recommendation for glucose-lowering treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes without atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or severe target-organ damage to reduce cardiovascular risk .................................. 4072 Recommendation Table 10 — Recommendations for blood pressure management in patients with diabetes ........................................ 4074 Recommendation Table 11 — Recommendations for the management of dyslipidaemia in patients with diabetes ......................... 4076 Recommendation Table 12 — Recommendations for patients with diabetes without a history of symptomatic atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or revascularization ............................................................. 4077 Recommendation Table 13 — Recommendations for antithrombotic therapy in patients with diabetes and acute or chronic coronary syndrome without indications for long-term oral anticoagulation .......................................................................................................... 4080 Recommendation Table 14 — Recommendations for antithrombotic therapy in patients with diabetes and acute or chronic coronary syndrome and/or post-percutaneous coronary intervention requiring long-term oral anticoagulation ............................. 4081 Recommendation Table 15 — Recommendations for gastric protection in patients with diabetes taking antithrombotic drugs ..... 4081 Recommendation Table 16 — Recommendations for a multifactorial approach in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without cardiovascular disease ........................................................................... 4082 Recommendation Table 17 — Recommendations for revascularization in patients with diabetes ................................................... 4084 Recommendation Table 18 — Recommendations for glycaemic control in patients with diabetes and acute coronary syndrome ....... 4085 Recommendation Table 19 — Recommendations for heart failure screening and diagnosis in patients with diabetes ...................................... 4088 Recommendation Table 20 — Recommendations for heart failure treatments in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and diabetes .............................................................................................. 4090 Recommendation Table 21 — Recommendations for heart failure treatments in patients with diabetes and left ventricular ejection fraction over 40% .................................................................................................... 4091 Recommendation Table 22 — Recommendations for glucose-lowering medications in patients with type 2 diabetes with and without heart failure ...................................................................................... 4094 Recommendation Table 23 — Recommendations for atrial fibrillation in patients with diabetes ................................................................. 4098 Recommendation Table 24 — Recommendations for patients with chronic kidney disease and diabetes ................................................................ 4103 Recommendation Table 25 — Recommendations for peripheral arterial and aortic diseases in patients with diabetes ............................... 4106 Recommendation Table 26 — Recommendations for patients with type 1 diabetes .......................................................................................................... 4108 Recommendation Table 27 — Recommendations for person-centred care in diabetes ........................................................................ 4110

List of tables

Table 1 Classes of recommendations ............................................................. 4051 Table 2 Levels of evidence ................................................................................... 4051 Table 3 New recommendations ....................................................................... 4053 Table 4 Revised recommendations .................................................................. 4056 Table 5 Revised concepts 2023 Guidelines .................................................. 4057 Table 6 Biochemical diagnostic criteria for diabetes and pre-diabetes according to the World Health Organization and the American Diabetes Association .............................................................................................. 4058 Table 7 Cardiovascular risk categories in type 2 diabetes ..................... 4060 Table 8 Blood pressure measurement ........................................................... 4073 Table 9 Heart failure phenotypes according to ejection fraction distribution .................................................................................................................. 4086 Table 10 Risk factors for developing heart failure in patients with diabetes ........................................................................................................................ 4086 Table 11 KDIGO staging by glomerular filtration rate and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio categories with Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/44/39/4043/7238227 by guest on 07 October 2026