p.2 抽出テキスト

Document Reviewers: Eva Prescott, (Clinical Practice Guidelines Review Co-ordinator) (Denmark), Francesco Cosentino, (Clinical Practice Guidelines Review Co-ordinator) (Sweden), Magdy Abdelhamid (Egypt), Victor Aboyans (France), Sotiris Antoniou (United Kingdom), Riccardo Asteggiano (Italy), Iris Baumgartner (Switzerland), Sergio Buccheri (Sweden), Hector Bueno (Spain), Jelena Čelutkienė (Lithuania), Alaide Chieffo (Italy), Christina Christersson (Sweden), Andrew Coats (United Kingdom), Bernard Cosyns (Belgium), Martin Czerny (Germany), Christi Deaton (United Kingdom), Volkmar Falk (Germany), Brian A. Ference (United Kingdom), Gerasimos Filippatos (Greece), Miles Fisher (United Kingdom), Heikki Huikuri (Finland), Borja Ibanez (Spain), Tiny Jaarsma (Sweden), Stefan James (Sweden), Kamlesh Khunti (United Kingdom), Lars Køber (Denmark), Konstantinos C. Koskinas (Switzerland), Basil S. Lewis (Israel), Maja-Lisa Løchen (Norway), John William McEvoy (Ireland), Borislava Mihaylova (United Kingdom), Richard Mindham (United Kingdom), Lis Neubeck (United Kingdom), Jens Cosedis Nielsen (Denmark), Gianfranco Parati (Italy), Agnes A. Pasquet (Belgium), Carlo Patrono (Italy), Steffen E. Petersen (United Kingdom), Massimo Francesco Piepoli (Italy), Amina Rakisheva (Kazakhstan), Xavier Rossello (Spain), Peter Rossing (Denmark), Lars Rydén (Sweden), Eberhard Standl (Germany), Lale Tokgozoglu (Türkiye), Rhian M. Touyz (Canada/United Kingdom), Frank Visseren (Netherlands), Massimo Volpe (Italy), Christiaan Vrints (Belgium), and Adam Witkowski (Poland)

All experts involved in the development of these guidelines have submitted declarations of interest. These have been compiled in a report and simultaneously published in a supplementary document to the guidelines. The report is also available on the ESC website www.escardio.org/Guidelines

See the European Heart Journal online for supplementary documents that include background information and evidence tables.

Keywords Guidelines • Aortic and peripheral arterial diseases • Arrhythmias • Atrial fibrillation • Cardiovascular disease • Cardiovascular risk assessment • Chronic kidney disease • Coronary artery disease • Diabetes mellitus • Heart failure • Patient-centred care • Pharmacological treatment • Prevention • Risk factors

Table of contents 1. Preamble ................................................................................................................. 4050 2. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 4050 2.1. Central figure .............................................................................................. 4052 2.2. What is new ................................................................................................ 4053 3. Diagnosis of diabetes ......................................................................................... 4057 3.1. Laboratory criteria for diagnosing diabetes and pre-diabetes 4057 3.1.1. Fasting glucose .................................................................................... 4057 3.1.2. Two-hour oral glucose tolerance test and random glucose ................................................................................................................ 4057 3.1.3. Glycated haemoglobin ..................................................................... 4058 3.2. Classifying diabetes ................................................................................... 4059 3.2.1. Type 1 diabetes .................................................................................. 4059 3.2.2. Type 2 diabetes .................................................................................. 4059 3.2.3. Monogenic diabetes .......................................................................... 4059 3.2.4. Secondary diabetes and stress hyperglycaemia .................... 4059 3.2.5. Gestational diabetes ......................................................................... 4059 3.2.6. Further sub-group classification of type 2 diabetes ............ 4059 3.3. Screening for diabetes ............................................................................. 4059 4. Cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with type 2 diabetes .. 4060 4.1. Assessing cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes .......................... 4060 4.1.1. Cardiovascular risk categories in type 2 diabetes ................ 4060 4.1.2. SCORE2-Diabetes: estimating 10-year cardiovascular disease risk ........................................................................................................ 4060 5. Cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with diabetes: targets and treatments .......................................................................................................... 4061 5.1. Lifestyle and diabetes ............................................................................... 4061 5.1.1. Weight reduction .............................................................................. 4062 5.1.2. Change in diet or nutrition ........................................................... 4062 5.1.3. Increasing physical activity and exercise .................................. 4063 5.1.4. Smoking cessation ............................................................................. 4063 5.2. Glycaemic targets ...................................................................................... 4064 5.2.1. Role of glycated haemoglobin ...................................................... 4064 5.2.2. Additional glycaemic targets ......................................................... 4064 5.2.3. Glycaemic control following vascular events ......................... 4064 5.3. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk reduction by glucose-lowering medications in diabetes ............................................... 4065

5.3.1. Glucose-lowering medications with cardiovascular efficacy demonstrated in dedicated cardiovascular outcomes trials ..................................................................................................................... 4065 5.3.1.1. Sodium–glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors ................ 4065 5.3.1.2. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists .................... 4066 5.3.1.3. Pioglitazone .................................................................................. 4068 5.3.2. Glucose-lowering medications with cardiovascular safety but not incremental efficacy demonstrated in dedicated cardiovascular outcomes trials ................................................................. 4068 5.3.2.1. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors ....................................... 4068 5.3.2.2. Lixisenatide and exenatide .................................................... 4068 5.3.2.3. Insulin ............................................................................................. 4068 5.3.2.4. Glimepiride .................................................................................. 4069 5.3.3. Cardiovascular considerations of older glucose-lowering medications not tested in dedicated cardiovascular outcomes trials ..................................................................................................................... 4069 Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/44/39/4043/7238227 by guest on 07 October 2026