p.2 抽出テキスト

Document Reviewers: Philippe Charron, (CPG Review Co-ordinator) (France), Massimo Imazio, (CPG Review Co-ordinator) (Italy), Magdy Abdelhamid (Egypt), Victor Aboyans (France), Michael Arad (Israel), Folkert W. Asselbergs (Netherlands), Riccardo Asteggiano (Italy), Zofia Bilinska (Poland), Damien Bonnet (France), Henning Bundgaard (Denmark), Nuno Miguel Cardim (Portugal), Jelena Čelutkienė (Lithuania), Maja Cikes (Croatia), Gaetano Maria De Ferrari (Italy), Veronica Dusi (Italy), Volkmar Falk (Germany), Laurent Fauchier (France), Estelle Gandjbakhch (France), Tiina Heliö (Finland), Konstantinos Koskinas (Switzerland), Dipak Kotecha (United Kingdom), Ulf Landmesser (Germany), George Lazaros (Greece), Basil S. Lewis (Israel), Ales Linhart (Czechia), Maja-Lisa Løchen (Norway), Benjamin Meder (Germany), Richard Mindham (United Kingdom), James Moon (United Kingdom), Jens Cosedis Nielsen (Denmark), Steffen Petersen (United Kingdom), Eva Prescott (Denmark), Mary N. Sheppard (United Kingdom), Gianfranco Sinagra (Italy), Marta Sitges (Spain), Jacob Tfelt-Hansen (Denmark), Rhian Touyz (Canada), Rogier Veltrop (Netherlands), Josef Veselka (Czechia), Karim Wahbi (France), Arthur Wilde (Netherlands), and Katja Zeppenfeld (Netherlands)

All experts involved in the development of these guidelines have submitted declarations of interest. These have been compiled in a report and simultaneously published in a supplementary document to the guidelines. The report is also available on the ESC website www.escardio.org/Guidelines

See the European Heart Journal online for supplementary documents that include background information and evidence tables.

Keywords Guidelines • Arrhythmia • Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy • Cardiomyopathies • Diagnosis • Dilated cardiomyopathy • Genetics • Genetic counselling • Genetic testing • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy • Implantable cardioverter defibrillator • Management • Multimodality imaging • Non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy • Pregnancy • Restrictive cardiomyopathy • Risk stratification • Screening • Sports • Sudden cardiac death

Table of contents

1. Preamble .............................................................................................................. 3509 2. Introduction ....................................................................................................... 3511 3. Phenotypic approach to cardiomyopathies .......................................... 3511 3.1. Definitions ................................................................................................. 3514 3.2. Cardiomyopathy phenotypes ............................................................ 3514 3.2.1. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ................................................. 3514 3.2.2. Dilated cardiomyopathy .............................................................. 3514 3.2.3. Non-dilated left ventricular cardiomyopathy ..................... 3514 3.2.4. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy ......... 3516 3.2.5. Restrictive cardiomyopathy ........................................................ 3517 3.3. Other traits and syndromes associated with cardiomyopathy phenotypes ........................................................................................................ 3517 3.3.1. Left ventricular hypertrabeculation (left ventricular noncompaction) .................................................................................................. 3517 3.3.2. Takotsubo syndrome .................................................................... 3517 4. Epidemiology ...................................................................................................... 3517 4.1. Special populations ................................................................................ 3518 5. Integrated patient management ................................................................. 3518 5.1. Multidisciplinary cardiomyopathy teams ...................................... 3518 5.2. Co-ordination between different levels of care ........................ 3518 6. The patient pathway ....................................................................................... 3519 6.1. Clinical presentation ............................................................................. 3520 6.2. Initial work-up .......................................................................................... 3520 6.3. Systematic approach to diagnosis of cardiomyopathy ........... 3520 6.4. History and physical examination ................................................... 3520 6.5. Resting and ambulatory electrocardiography ............................ 3521 6.6. Laboratory tests ...................................................................................... 3524 6.7. Multimodality imaging ........................................................................... 3524 6.7.1. General considerations ................................................................ 3524 6.7.2. Echocardiography ........................................................................... 3524 6.7.3. Cardiac magnetic resonance ...................................................... 3525 6.7.3.1. Special considerations .......................................................... 3525 6.7.4. Computed tomography and nuclear medicine techniques ...................................................................................................... 3528 6.7.5. Endomyocardial biopsy ................................................................ 3528 6.8. Genetic testing and counselling ........................................................ 3529 6.8.1. Genetic architecture ..................................................................... 3529 6.8.2. Genetic testing ................................................................................. 3529 6.8.2.1. Non-Mendelian cardiomyopathies and implications for genetic testing .................................................................................. 3534 6.8.2.2. Genetic test reports and variant interpretation ....... 3534 6.8.3. Genetic counselling ........................................................................ 3534 Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/44/37/3503/7246608 by guest on 07 October 2026