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Recommendation Table 34 — Recommendations for sudden cardiac death prevention and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in myocarditis .......................................................................... 4066 Recommendation Table 35 — Recommendations for risk stratification, sudden cardiac death prevention, and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in cardiac sarcoidosis .................................... 4067 Recommendation Table 36 — Recommendations for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in Chagas’ cardiomyopathy ....................................................................................... 4070 Recommendation Table 37 — Recommendations for sudden cardiac death prevention and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in valvular heart disease ...................................................... 4070 Recommendation Table 38 — Recommendations for risk stratification and primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in congenital heart disease ............................................................................... 4072 Recommendation Table 39 — Recommendations for secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death and treatment of ventricular arrhythmia in congenital heart disease .................................................. 4072 Recommendation Table 40 — Recommendations for the management of patients with idiopathic ventricular fibrillation .. 4073 Recommendation Table 41 — Recommendations for the management of patients with long QT syndrome ........................... 4077 Recommendation Table 42 — Recommendations for management of patients with Andersen–Tawil syndrome ........... 4079 Recommendation Table 43 — Recommendations for management of patients with Brugada syndrome ............................ 4080 Recommendation Table 44 — Recommendations for the management of patients with early repolarization pattern/ syndrome ............................................................................................................ 4083 Recommendation Table 45 — Recommendations for the management of patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia .................................................................................. 4086 Recommendation Table 46 — Recommendations for the management of patients with short QT syndrome ......................... 4087 Recommendation Table 47 — Recommendations for the prevention of sudden cardiac death and management of ventricular arrhythmia during pregnancy .............................................. 4088 Recommendation Table 48 — Recommendations for the prevention of sudden cardiac death before and after heart transplantation ................................................................................................. 4089 Recommendation Table 49 — Recommendations for risk stratification and prevention of sudden cardiac death in athletes 4089 Recommendation Table 50 — Recommendations for implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation in the elderly ...................... 4090

List of tables

Table 1 Classes of recommendations .................................................... 4003 Table 2 Levels of evidence .......................................................................... 4004 Table 3 New sections and concepts ...................................................... 4005 Table 4 New recommendations in 2022 ............................................. 4005 Table 5 Changes in recommendations since 2015 ........................... 4010 Table 6 Intravenous provocative diagnostic tests ............................. 4016 Table 7 Genetic tests and suggested work-up of probands and relatives with primary electrical diseases .............................................. 4017 Table 8 Anti-arrhythmic drugs (acute and chronic treatment) .. 4035 Table 9 Summary of the recommendations for the treatment of patients with frequent idiopathic premature ventricular complexes/ventricular tachycardia or premature ventricular complex-induced cardiomyopathy .......................................................... 4051 Table 10 Modified long QT syndrome diagnostic score ...................... 4076

List of figures

Figure 1 Central figure .................................................................................. 4013 Figure 2 Algorithm for the evaluation of patients presenting with an incidental finding of non-sustained ventricular tachycardia .... 4019 Figure 4 Algorithm for the evaluation of patients presenting with a first sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia episode .... 4021 Figure 3 Typical idiopathic ventricular tachycardia morphologies 4020 Figure 5 Bundle branch re-entrant ventricular tachycardia .......... 4022 Figure 6 Part One. Algorithm for the evaluation of sudden cardiac arrest survivors ................................................................................................ 4024 Figure 6 Part Two. Algorithm for the evaluation of sudden cardiac arrest survivors ................................................................................................ 4025 Figure 7 Algorithm for the evaluation of sudden death victims . 4026 Figure 8 Algorithm for the evaluation of relatives of unexplained sudden death decedents .............................................................................. 4028 Figure 9 Algorithm for the acute management of regular wide QRS complex tachycardia ........................................................................... 4029 Figure 10 Repetitive runs of ventricular tachycardia interrupted by occasional sinus beats ............................................................................. 4030 Figure 11 Part One. Management of patients with electrical storm or repeated implantable cardioverter defibrillator discharges ......................................................................................................... 4031 Figure 11 Part Two.Management of patients with electrical storm or repeated implantable cardioverter defibrillator discharges ................................................................................................... 4032 Figure 11 Part Three. Management of patients with electrical storm or repeated implantable cardioverter defibrillator discharges ........................................................................................................... 4033 Figure 12 Algorithm for evaluation before initiation and follow-up of patients requiring sodium channel blocking agents .................... 4038 Figure 13 Algorithm for evaluation before initiation and follow-up of patients requiring drugs associated with QT prolongation .... 4039 Figure 14 Algorithm for the prevention and management of ventricular arrhythmias in ST-elevation myocardial infarction ......... 4045 Figure 15 Algorithm for risk stratification and primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with chronic coronary artery disease and reduced ejection fraction .................................................... 4048 Figure 16 Algorithm for the management of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia in patients with chronic coronary artery disease ................................................................................ 4049 Figure 17 Algorithm for the management of patients with idiopathic premature ventricular complexes/ventricular tachycardia and non-apparent structural heart disease ................. 4051 Figure 18 Algorithm for the management of patients with premature ventricular complex-induced/-aggravated cardiomyopathy ............................................................................................... 4053 Figure 19 Algorithm for risk stratification and primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy/ hypokinetic non-dilated cardiomyopathy ............................................. 4055 Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/43/40/3997/6675633 by guest on 07 October 2026