p.3 抽出テキスト

5.1.4. Genetic testing ........................................................................... 4015 5.2. Diagnostic evaluation at first presentation with ventricular arrhythmia in patients without known cardiac disease .................................................................................................... 4018 5.2.1. Scenario 1: Incidental finding of a non-sustained ventricular tachycardia ........................................................................ 4018 5.2.2. Scenario 2: First presentation of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia ......................................... 4018 5.2.3. Scenario 3: Sudden cardiac arrest survivor ................... 4020 5.2.4. Scenario 4: Sudden death victim ........................................ 4023 5.2.5. Scenario 5: Relatives of sudden arrhythmic death syndrome decedents ........................................................................... 4024 6. Therapies for ventricular arrhythmias. General aspects ........... 4027 6.1. Acute management .......................................................................... 4027 6.1.1. Treatment of reversible causes .......................................... 4027 6.1.2. Acute management of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia ........................................................................ 4029 6.1.3. Management of electrical storm and incessant ventricular tachycardia ........................................................................ 4030 6.2. Long-term management ................................................................. 4034 6.2.1. Pharmacotherapy ...................................................................... 4034 6.2.2. Device therapy ........................................................................... 4038 6.2.2.1. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator ....................... 4038 6.2.2.2. Adding cardiac resynchronization therapy ............. 4040 6.2.2.3. Wearable cardioverter defibrillator .......................... 4040 6.2.3. Special aspects of device therapy ...................................... 4041 6.2.3.1. Optimization of device programming ...................... 4041 6.2.3.2. Concomitant treatment to avoid inappropriate implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy ..................... 4041 6.2.3.3. Psychosocial impact of implantable cardioverter defibrillator treatment .................................................................... 4042 6.2.3.4. Patients with left ventricular assist devices ............ 4042 6.2.3.5. Complications of devices ............................................... 4042 6.2.3.6. End-of-life issues ................................................................ 4043 6.2.4. Interventional therapy ............................................................ 4043 6.2.4.1. Catheter ablation .............................................................. 4043 6.2.4.1.1. Patients with structural heart disease ............. 4043 6.2.4.1.2. Patients without apparent structural heart disease ............................................................................................... 4044 6.2.4.2. Autonomic modulation .................................................. 4044 7. Diagnostic evaluation, management, and risk stratification according to clinical presentation and known (likely) disease .................................................................................................................. 4044 7.1. Specific structural heart diseases ................................................ 4044 7.1.1. Coronary artery disease ........................................................ 4044 7.1.1.1. Acute coronary syndromes and vasospasm .......... 4044 7.1.1.1.1. Acute coronary syndromes ................................. 4044 7.1.1.1.2. Vasospasm ................................................................... 4045 7.1.1.2. Early after myocardial infarction ................................. 4046 7.1.1.3. Chronic coronary artery disease ................................ 4046 7.1.1.3.1. Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with reduced ejection fraction ............................. 4046 7.1.1.3.2. Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death in patients with preserved or mildly reduced ejection fraction ............................................................................................. 4047 7.1.1.3.3. Secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death .................................................................................................. 4047 7.1.1.3.4. Management of patients with haemodynamically tolerated ventricular tachycardia and preserved and mildly reduced ejection fraction ............. 4048 7.1.1.3.5. Management of recurrent ventricular tachycardia in implantable cardioverter defibrillator carriers .............................................................................................. 4049 7.1.1.4. Coronary anomalies ......................................................... 4049 7.1.2. Idiopathic premature ventricular complexes/ ventricular tachycardia and premature ventricular complexinduced cardiomyopathy ................................................................... 4050 7.1.2.1. Idiopathic premature ventricular complexes/ ventricular tachycardia .................................................................... 4050 7.1.2.2. Premature ventricular complex-induced/aggravated cardiomyopathy .......................................................... 4052 7.1.3. Cardiomyopathies .................................................................... 4054 7.1.3.1. Dilated cardiomyopathy and hypokinetic nondilated cardiomyopathy .................................................................. 4054

7.1.3.1.1. Diagnostic evaluation and risk stratification .. 4054 7.1.3.1.2. Primary prevention of sudden cardiac death 4055 7.1.3.1.3. Secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death and management of ventricular arrhythmias ................... 4057 7.1.3.2. Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy ................................................................................. 4058 7.1.3.2.1. Risk stratification ....................................................... 4058 7.1.3.2.2. Treatment .................................................................... 4060 7.1.3.3. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy .................................... 4060 7.1.3.3.1. Risk stratification and primary prevention of sudden cardiac death .................................................................. 4061 7.1.3.3.2. Treatment to prevent ventricular arrhythmia recurrence ....................................................................................... 4062 7.1.3.4. Left ventricular non-compaction ................................ 4063 7.1.3.5. Restrictive cardiomyopathy .......................................... 4063 7.1.3.6. Neuromuscular disorders ............................................. 4063 7.1.4. Inflammatory cardiac diseases ............................................. 4066 7.1.4.1. Myocarditis ........................................................................... 4066 7.1.4.2. Cardiac sarcoidosis ........................................................... 4067 7.1.4.3. Chagas’ cardiomyopathy ................................................ 4068 7.1.5. Valvular heart disease ............................................................. 4070 7.1.6. Congenital heart disease ........................................................ 4071 7.2. Primary electrical disease ............................................................... 4073 7.2.1. Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation ......................................... 4073 7.2.2. Long QT syndrome (including acquired long QT syndrome) ................................................................................................ 4074 7.2.3. Andersen–Tawil syndrome Type 1 .................................. 4079 7.2.4. Brugada syndrome ................................................................... 4079 7.2.5. Early repolarization syndromes .......................................... 4081 7.2.6. Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia ............................................................................................... 4084 7.2.7. Short QT syndrome ................................................................ 4086 8. Special aspects in selected populations ............................................ 4088 8.1. Pregnant patients and peri-partum cardiomyopathy ......... 4088 8.1.1. Electrocardioversion and implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in pregnancy .................................................. 4088 8.1.2. Pharmacological treatment ................................................... 4088 8.1.3. Catheter ablation ...................................................................... 4088 8.2. Heart transplantation ...................................................................... 4089 8.3. Sudden cardiac death in athletes ................................................ 4089 Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/43/40/3997/6675633 by guest on 07 October 2026