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Document-Reviewers: Maja Cikes (CPG Review Coordinator) (Croatia), Paulus Kirchhof (CPG Review Coordinator) (Germany), Magdy Abdelhamid (Egypt), Victor Aboyans (France), Elena Arbelo (Spain), Fernando Arribas (Spain), Riccardo Asteggiano (Italy), Cristina Basso (Italy), Axel Bauer (Austria), Emanuele Bertaglia (Italy), Tor Biering-Sørensen (Denmark), Carina Blomström-Lundqvist (Sweden), Michael A. Borger (Germany), Jelena Čelutkienė (Lithuania), Bernard Cosyns (Belgium), Volkmar Falk (Germany), Laurent Fauchier (France), Bulent Gorenek (Turkey), Sigrun Halvorsen (Norway), Robert Hatala (Slovakia), Hein Heidbuchel (Belgium), Stefan Kaab (Germany), Aleksandra Konradi (Russian Federation), Konstantinos C. Koskinas (Switzerland), Dipak Kotecha (United Kingdom), Ulf Landmesser (Germany), Basil S. Lewis (Israel), Ales Linhart (Czech Republic), Maja-Lisa Løchen (Norway), Lars H. Lund (Sweden), Andreas Metzner (Germany), Richard Mindham (United Kingdom), Jens Cosedis Nielsen (Denmark), Tone M. Norekvål (Norway), Monica Patten (Germany), Eva Prescott (Denmark), Amina Rakisheva (Kazakhstan), Carol Ann Remme (Netherlands), Ivo Roca-Luque (Spain), Andrea Sarkozy (Belgium), Daniel Scherr (Austria), Marta Sitges (Spain), Rhian M. Touyz (Canada/United Kingdom), Nicolas Van Mieghem (Netherlands), Vedran Velagic (Croatia), Sami Viskin (Israel), and Paul G. A. Volders (Netherlands)

All experts involved in the development of these guidelines have submitted declarations of interest. These have been compiled in a report and published in a supplementary document simultaneously to the guidelines. The report is also available on the ESC website www.escardio.org/Guidelines

See the European Heart Journal online for supplementary data that includes background information and detailed discussion of the data that have provided the basis of the guidelines.

Click here to access the corresponding ESC CardioMed chapters.

Keywords Guidelines • Anti-arrhythmic drugs • Cardiac magnetic resonance • Cardiomyopathies • Catheter ablation • Chronic coronary artery disease • Genetic testing • Implantable cardioverter defibrillator • Premature ventricular complex • Primary electrical disease • Recommendations • Risk calculator • Risk stratification • Sudden cardiac death • Sudden death • Ventricular arrhythmia • Ventricular fibrillation • Ventricular tachycardia

Table of contents

1. Preamble ........................................................................................................ 4003 2. Introduction ................................................................................................. 4005 2.1. What is new ........................................................................................ 4005 3. Definitions ..................................................................................................... 4011 3.1. Ventricular arrhythmia subtypes ................................................ 4011 3.2. Sudden cardiac death ....................................................................... 4011 3.3. Syncope ................................................................................................. 4011 3.4. Specialized centres ............................................................................ 4011 3.5. Genetics ................................................................................................. 4011 4. Epidemiology of sudden cardiac death, public awareness, and risk stratification .............................................................................................. 4011 4.1. Incidence of sudden cardiac death ............................................. 4011 4.2. Causes of sudden cardiac death in different age groups . 4012 4.3. Population vs. individual risk prediction .................................. 4012 4.4. Risk calculators for sudden cardiac death and review of the methodology ................................................................................................ 4012 4.5. Awareness and intervention: public basic life support, and access to automated external defibrillators ................................... 4012 5. Evaluation and treatment. General aspects .................................... 4014 5.1. Diagnostic tools ................................................................................. 4014 5.1.1. History and physical examination ...................................... 4014 5.1.2. Laboratory testing .................................................................... 4014 5.1.3. Non-invasive and invasive tests .......................................... 4014 5.1.3.1. Electrocardiogram and ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring ................................................ 4014 5.1.3.2. Signal-averaged electrocardiogram ............................ 4014 5.1.3.3. Exercise testing .................................................................. 4014 5.1.3.4. Imaging ................................................................................... 4014 5.1.3.5. Provocative diagnostic tests ......................................... 4015 5.1.3.6. Electrophysiological study ............................................. 4015

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