p.2 抽出テキスト

Document-Reviewers: Juhani Knuuti, (CPG Review Coordinator) (Finland), Steen Dalby Kristensen, (CPG Review Coordinator) (Denmark), Victor Aboyans (France), Ingo Ahrens (Germany), Sotiris Antoniou (United Kingdom), Riccardo Asteggiano (Italy), Dan Atar (Norway), Andreas Baumbach (United Kingdom), Helmut Baumgartner (Germany), Michael Böhm (Germany), Michael A. Borger (Germany), Hector Bueno (Spain), Jelena Čelutkienė (Lithuania), Alaide Chieffo (Italy), Maya Cikes (Croatia), Harald Darius (Germany), Victoria Delgado (Spain), Philip J. Devereaux (Canada), David Duncker (Germany), Volkmar Falk (Germany), Laurent Fauchier (France), Gilbert Habib (France), David Hasdai (Israel), Kurt Huber (Austria), Bernard Iung (France), Tiny Jaarsma (Sweden), Aleksandra Konradi (Russian Federation), Konstantinos C. Koskinas (Switzerland), Dipak Kotecha (United Kingdom), Ulf Landmesser (Germany), Basil S. Lewis (Israel), Ales Linhart (Czech Republic), Maja-Lisa Løchen (Norway), Michael Maeng (Denmark), Stéphane Manzo-Silberman (France), Richard Mindham (United Kingdom), Lis Neubeck (United Kingdom), Jens Cosedis Nielsen (Denmark), Steffen E. Petersen (United Kingdom), Eva Prescott (Denmark), Amina Rakisheva (Kazakhstan), Antti Saraste (Finland), Dirk Sibbing (Germany), Jolanta Siller-Matula (Austria), Marta Sitges (Spain), Ivan Stankovic (Serbia), Rob F. Storey (United Kingdom), Jurrien ten Berg (Netherlands), Matthias Thielmann (Germany), and Rhian M. Touyz (Canada/United Kingdom) All experts involved in the development of these guidelines have submitted declarations of interest. These have been compiled in a report and simultaneously published in a supplementary document to the guidelines. The report is also available on the ESC website www.escardio.org/Guidelines

See the European Heart Journal online for supplementary data that include background information and detailed discussion of the data that have provided the basis of the guidelines.

Click here to access the corresponding ESC CardioMed chapters.

Keywords Guidelines • Non-cardiac surgery • Pre-operative cardiac risk assessment • Pre-operative cardiac testing • Biomarkers • Pre-operative coronary artery revascularization • Peri-operative cardiac management • Anti-thrombotic therapy • Peri-operative beta-blockers • Pre-operative treatment of valvular disease • Peri-operative treatment of arrhythmias • Post-operative cardiac surveillance • Peri-operative myocardial injury/infarction

Table of contents

1. Preamble ........................................................................................................ 3832 2. Introduction ................................................................................................. 3834 2.1. What is new ........................................................................................ 3834 2.2. The magnitude of the problem ................................................... 3839 2.3. Change in demographics ................................................................ 3840 2.4. Purpose .................................................................................................. 3840 2.5. The outcomes we want to prevent .......................................... 3841 3. Clinical risk evaluation .............................................................................. 3841 3.1. Surgery-related risk .......................................................................... 3841 3.1.1. Timing of surgery ...................................................................... 3842 3.2. Type of surgical approach ............................................................. 3842 3.2.1. Laparoscopy ................................................................................ 3842 3.2.1.1. Vascular and endovascular procedures ................... 3843 3.2.1.2. Video-assisted non-cardiac surgery ........................... 3843 3.3. Patient-related risk ............................................................................ 3843 3.3.1. Initial assessment ....................................................................... 3843 3.3.1.1. Patients aged ,65 years without a history of cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors ........ 3843 3.3.1.2. Patients aged ≥65 years or with cardiovascular risk factors .................................................................................................... 3843 3.3.1.3. Patients with established cardiovascular disease . 3844 3.3.2. Patients with murmurs, chest pain, dyspnoea, or peripheral oedema ............................................................................... 3845 3.3.2.1. Murmurs ............................................................................... 3845 3.3.2.2. Chest pain ............................................................................ 3845 3.3.2.3. Dyspnoea .............................................................................. 3845

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ESC Guidelines                                                                                                                                                                                     3827

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