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16 Quality indicators for cardio-oncology Quality indicators (QIs) are tools that may be used to evaluate care quality, including structural, process, and outcomes of care.835 They may also serve as a mechanism for enhancing adherence to guideline recommendations, through associated quality improvement initiatives and the benchmarking of care providers.836,837 As such, the role of QIs in improving care and outcomes for CVD is increasingly recognized by healthcare authorities, professional organizations, payers, and the public.835 The ESC understands the need for measuring and reporting quality and outcomes of CV care and has established methods for the development of the ESC QIs for the quantification of care and outcomes for CVD.835 These methods were used to develop QIs pertinent to cardio-oncology in parallel with the writing of this Clinical Practice Guideline document and through the collaboration with patient representatives and domain experts. The QIs, alongside their measurement specifications and development process will be published separately. 17 Supplementary data Supplementary data is available at European Heart Journal online. 18 Data availability statement No new data were generated or analysed in support of this research. 19 Author information Author/Task Force Member Affiliations: Liam S. Couch, King’s College London BHF Centre, the Rayne Institute, St Thomas’ Hospital, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom; Riccardo Asteggiano, Cardiology, LARC (Laboratorio Analisi Ricerca Clinica), Turin, Italy, and School of Medicine, Insubria University, Varese, Italy; Marianne C. Aznar, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Jutta Bergler-Klein, Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Giuseppe Boriani, Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy; Daniela Cardinale, Cardioncology Unit, European Institute of Oncology—I.R.C.C.S., Milan, Italy; Raul Cordoba, Department of Hematology, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain, and Cancer Research Group, Health Research Institute IIS-FJD, Madrid, Spain; Bernard Cosyns, Cardiology, Centrum voor Hart en Vaatziekten (CHVZ), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZB), Brussels, Belgium, and In Vivo Molecular and Cellular (ICMI) Center, Vrij Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium; David J. Cutter, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, and Oxford Cancer Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom; Evandro de Azambuja, Medical Oncology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium; Rudolf A. de Boer, Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Susan F. Dent, Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC, United States of America; Dimitrios Farmakis, Medical School, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Sofie A. Gevaert, Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium; Diana A. Gorog, Postgraduate Medicine, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom, and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom, and Cardiology Department, East and North Hertfordshire NHS Trust, Stevenage, United Kingdom; Joerg Herrmann, Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America; Daniel Lenihan, Cardio-Oncology, International Cardio-Oncology Society, Tampa, FL, United States of America, and Cardiology, Saint Francis Healthcare, Cape Girardeau, MO, United States of America; Javid Moslehi, Section of Cardio-Oncology & Immunology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States of America; Brenda Moura, Cardiology Department, Armed Forces Hospital, Porto, Portugal, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Sonja S. Salinger, Clinic for Cardiovascular Disease, University Clinical Center, Nis, Serbia, and Medical Faculty, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia; Richard Stephens (United Kingdom), ESC Patient Forum, Sophia Antipolis, France; Thomas M. Suter, Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Sebastian Szmit, Department of Pulmonary Circulation, Thromboembolic Diseases and Cardiology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Otwock, Poland, and Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland; Juan Tamargo, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain; Paaladinesh Thavendiranathan, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Ted Rogers Program in Cardiotoxicity Prevention, Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Carlo G. Tocchetti, Cardio-Oncology Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy, and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), Federico II University, Naples, Italy, and Interdepartmental Center for Clinical and Translational Research (CIRCET), Federico II University, Naples, Italy; Peter van der Meer, Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Helena J.H. van der Pal, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands. 20 Appendix ESC Scientific Document Group Includes Document Reviewers and ESC National Cardiac Societies. Document Reviewers: Patrizio Lancellotti (CPG Review Coordinator) (Belgium), Franck Thuny (CPG Review Coordinator) (France), Magdy Abdelhamid (Egypt), Victor Aboyans (France), Berthe Aleman (Netherlands), Joachim Alexandre (France), Ana Barac (United States of America), Michael A. Borger (Germany), Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/43/41/4229/6673995 by guest on 07 October 2026