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In treated patients aged 1869 years, it is recommended that SBP should ultimately be lowered to a target range of 120130 mmHg in most patients. I A In treated patients aged >_70 years, it is recommended that SBP should generally be targeted to <140 and down to 130 mmHg if tolerated. I A In all treated patients, DBP is recommended to be lowered to <80 mmHg. I A Treatment of hypertension: lifestyle interventions Lifestyle interventions are recommended for people with high-normal BP or higher. I A Treatment of hypertension: drug treatment It is recommended to initiate antihypertensive treatment with a two-drug combination in most patients, preferably as a single-pill combination. Exceptions are frail older patients and those with low-risk, grade 1 hypertension (particularly if SBP <150 mmHg). I B It is recommended that the preferred combinations include a RAS blocker (i.e. an ACE inhibitor or ARB) with a CCB or diuretic, but other combinations of the five major classes can be used (ACE inhibitor, ARB, beta-blocker, CCB, thiazide/thiazide-like diuretic). I A It is recommended, if BP remains uncontrolled with a two-drug combination, that treatment be increased to a three-drug combination, usually a RAS blocker with a CCB and a diuretic, preferably as a single-pill combination. I A It is recommended, if BP is not controlled by a three-drug combination, that treatment should be increased by the addition of spironolactone, or if not tolerated, other diuretics such as amiloride or higher doses of other diuretics, an alpha-blocker or betablocker, or clonidine. I B The combination of two RAS blockers is not recommended. III A Recommendations for the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus Lifestyle Lifestyle changes including smoking cessation, a low saturated fat, high-fibre diet, aerobic PA, and strength training are recommended. I A Reduction in energy intake is recommended to patients, to help achieve lower body weight or prevent or slow weight gain. I A Glycaemia target A target HbA1c for the reduction of CVD risk and microvascular complications of DM of <7.0% (53 mmol/mol) is recommended for the majority of adults with either type 1 or type 2 DM. I A Treatment of hyperglycaemia and ASCVD/cardiorenal risks Metformin is recommended as first-line therapy, following evaluation of renal function, in the majority of patients without previous ASCVD, CKD, or HF. I B In persons with type 2 DM and ASCVD, the use of a GLP-1RA or SGLT2 inhibitor with proven outcome benefits is recommended to reduce CV and/or cardiorenal outcomes. I A In patients with type 2 DM and CKD, the use of an SGLT2 inhibitor is recommended to improve CVD and/or cardiorenal outcomes. I A In patients with type 2 DM and HFrEF, use of an SGLT2 inhibitor with proven outcome benefits is recommended to lessen HF hospitalizations and CV death. I A Recommendations for antithrombotic therapy Aspirin 75100 mg daily is recommended for secondary prevention of CVD. I A Clopidogrel 75 mg daily is recommended as an alternative to aspirin in secondary prevention in case of aspirin intolerance. I B Concomitant use of a proton pump inhibitor is recommended in patients receiving antiplatelet therapy who are at high risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. I B Antiplatelet therapy is not recommended in individuals with low/moderate CV risk due to the increased risk of major bleeding. III A Recommendations for cardiac rehabilitation Participation in a medically supervised, structured, comprehensive, multidisciplinary EBCR and prevention programme for patients after ASCVD events and/ or revascularization, and for patients with HF (mainly HFrEF), is recommended to improve patient outcomes. I A Recommendation for policy interventions at the population level Putting in place measures to reduce air pollution, including reducing PM emission and gaseous pollutants, reducing the use of fossil fuels, and limiting carbon dioxide emissions, are recommended, to reduce CVD mortality and morbidity. I C

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