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............................................................................................................................................................................ CCTA Contrast computed tomography angiography CHD Coronary heart disease CI Confidence interval CKD Chronic kidney disease CKD-EPI Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology COLCOT Colchicine Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial COMPASS Cardiovascular Outcomes for People Using Anticoagulation Strategies COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CR Cardiac rehabilitation CTA Computed tomography angiography CV Cardiovascular CVD Cardiovascular disease DAPA-CKD Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease DAPT Dual antiplatelet therapy DASH Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension DBP Diastolic blood pressure DCCT Diabetes Control and Complications Trial DIAL Diabetes lifetime-perspective prediction DM Diabetes mellitus e-cigarettes Electronic cigarettes EAPC European Association of Preventive Cardiology EAS European Atherosclerosis Society EASD European Association for the Study of Diabetes EBCR Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation ECG Electrocardiographic/electrocardiogram ED Erectile dysfunction eGFR Estimated glomerular filtration rate EORP EURObservational Research Programme EPIC European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition ESC European Society of Cardiology ESH European Society of Hypertension ESVS European Society for Vascular Surgery EU European Union EUROASPIRE European Action on Secondary and Primary Prevention by Intervention to Reduce Events EuroHeart European Unified Registries On Heart Care Evaluation and Randomized Trials EXPERT EXercise Prescription in Everyday practice & Rehabilitation Training FEV1 Forced expiratory volume in 1 second FH Familial hypercholesterolaemia FITT Frequency, intensity, time duration, and type of exercise GFR Glomerular filtration rate GLP-1RA Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist HbA1c Glycated haemoglobin HBPM Home blood pressure monitoring HDL-C High-density lipoprotein cholesterol HF Heart failure HFpEF Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction HFrEF Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction HIV Human immunodeficiency virus HMOD Hypertension-mediated organ damage HR Hazard ratio IL Interleukin IMPROVE-IT Improved Reduction of Outcomes: Vytorin Efficacy International Trial IMT Intima-media thickness INVEST INternational VErapamil-SR/Trandolapril STudy LDL Low-density lipoprotein LDL-C Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol LDLR Low-density lipoprotein receptor LEAD Lower extremity artery disease LIFE-CVD LIFEtime-perspective CardioVascular Disease LoDoCo Low-dose colchicine LV Left ventricular/ventricle LVEF Left ventricular ejection fraction MACE Major adverse cardiovascular events MET Metabolic equivalent of task mHealth Mobile device-based healthcare MRA Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist MUFA Monounsaturated fatty acid N/A Not applicable NAFLD Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NRT Nicotine-replacement therapy NYHA New York Heart Association o.d. Omni die (once a day) OARS Open-ended questions, Affirmation, Reflecting listening, and Summarizing OR Odds ratio OSA Obstructive sleep apnoea PA Physical activity PAD Peripheral artery disease PAP Positive airway pressure PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention PCSK9 Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 PM Particulate matter PM2.5 Particulate matter <2.5 mm PUFA Polyunsaturated fatty acid QI Quality indicator RAAS Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system RAS Renin-angiotensin system RCT Randomized controlled trial REDUCE-IT Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent EthylIntervention Trial REWIND Researching Cardiovascular Events With a Weekly Incretin in Diabetes RPE Rating of perceived exertion RR Relative risk SAVOR-TIMI 53 Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction SBP Systolic blood pressure SCORE Systemic Coronary Risk Estimation SCORE2 Systemic Coronary Risk Estimation 2 SCORE2-OP Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation 2-Older Persons SCOT-HEART Scottish Computed Tomography of the Heart SGLT2 Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/42/34/3227/6358713 by guest on 07 October 2026