p.5 抽出テキスト

............................................................................................................................................................................. Recommendations for patients with lower extremity artery disease: best medical therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3297 Recommendations in patients with chronic kidney disease: best medical therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3310 Recommendations for lifestyle interventions and management of risk factors and concomitant diseases in patients with atrial fibrillation . . 3310

Tables

Table 1 Classes of recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3234 Table 2 Levels of evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3234 Table 3 New recommendations and new and revised concepts . . . . 3237 Table 4 Patient categories and associated cardiovascular disease risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3244 Table 5 Cardiovascular disease risk categories based on Systemic Coronary Risk Estimation 2 and Systemic Coronary Risk Estimation 2-Older Persons in apparently healthy people according to age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3251 Table 6 Treatment goals for different patient categories . . . . . . . . . . . 3267 Table 7 Classification of physical activity intensity and examples of absolute and relative intensity levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3269 Table 8 Healthy diet characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3270 Table 9 ‘Very brief advice’ for smoking cessation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3275 Table 10 Corresponding non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein B levels for commonly used low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3275 Table 11 Dutch Lipid ClinicNetwork diagnostic criteria for familial hypercholesterolaemia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3281 Table 12 Categories for conventionally measured seated office blood pressurea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3283 Table 13 Definitions of hypertension according to office, ambulatory, and home blood pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3283 Table 14 Considerations in blood pressure measurement . . . . . . . . . 3283 Table 15 Indications for home blood pressure monitoring or ambulatory blood pressuremonitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3284 Table 16 Routine tests for patients with hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3285 Table 17 Patient characteristics that should raise the suspicion of secondary hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3285 Table 18 Recommended office blood pressure target ranges. The first step in all groups is a reduction to systolic blood pressure <140 mmHg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3287

Figures

Figure 1 Central Illustration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3235 Figure 2 Examples of a stepwise approach to risk stratification and treatment options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3245 Figure 3 Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation 2 and Systematic Coronary Risk Estimation 2-Older Persons risk charts for fatal and non-fatal (myocardial infarction, stroke) cardiovascular disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3246 Figure 4 Risk regions based on World Health Organization cardiovascular mortality rates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3250 Figure 5 Schematic representation of increasing 10-year cardiovascular disease risk thresholds across age groups . . . . . . . . . . 3251 Figure 6 Flow chart of cardiovascular disease risk and risk factor treatment in apparently healthy persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3252 Figure 7 Flow chart of cardiovascular risk and risk factor treatment in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3253 Figure 8 Flow chart of cardiovascular risk and risk factor treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3255 Figure 9 The role of risk factors and comorbidities in atrial fibrillation 3263 Figure 10 Estimated percentage change in risk of coronary heart disease associated with isocaloric substitutions of saturated fat for other types of fat or carbohydrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3271 Figure 11 Lifetime atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease benefit from smoking cessation for apparently healthy persons, based on the following risk factors: age, sex, systolic blood pressure, and non-high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3274 Figure 12 Average years-free-of-cardiovascular disease gained per 1 mmol/L (40 mg/dL) low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction in apparently healthy persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3277 Figure 13 Expected low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reductions for combination therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3278 Figure 14 Screening and diagnosis of hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3284 Figure 15 Lifetime benefit from lowering systolic blood pressure by 10 mmHg for apparently healthy persons, based on the following risk factors: age, sex, current smoking, systolic blood pressure, non-highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3286 Figure 16 Core drug treatment strategy for hypertension . . . . . . . . . . 3287

Abbreviations and acronyms

%HRmax Percentage of maximum heart rate ABC Atrial fibrillation Better Care ABI Ankle brachial index ABPM Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring ACCORD Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes ACE Angiotensin-converting enzyme ACR Albumin-to-creatinine ratio ACS Acute coronary syndromes ADA American Diabetes Association ADVANCE Action in Diabetes and Vascular Disease: preterAx and diamicroN-MR Controlled Evaluation AF Atrial fibrillation AMI Acute myocardial infarction ARB Angiotensin receptor blocker ARNI Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor ASCEND A Study of Cardiovascular Events in Diabetes ASCVD Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease b.i.d. Bis in die (twice a day) BMI Body mass index BP Blood pressure b.p.m. Beats per minute CAC Coronary artery calcium CAD Coronary artery disease CANTOS Canakinumab Antiinflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study CCB Calcium channel blocker CCS Chronic coronary syndromes Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/42/34/3227/6358713 by guest on 07 October 2026