p.58 抽出テキスト
............................................................................................................................................................................. electrophysiological findings and their importance for long term outcome after right atrial isthmus ablation. Heart 2001;85:424429. 233. Luchsinger JA, Steinberg JS. Resolution of cardiomyopathy after ablation of atrial flutter. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;32:205210. 234. Pizzale S, Lemery R, Green MS, Gollob MH, Tang ASL, Birnie DH. Frequency and predictors of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy in patients with persistent atrial flutter. Can J Cardiol 2009;25:469472. 235. Ellenbogen KA, Dias VC, Cardello FP, Strauss WE, Simonton CA, Pollak SJ, Wood MA, Stambler BS. Safety and efficacy of intravenousdiltiazem in atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol 1995;75:4549. 236. Salerno DM, Dias VC, Kleiger RE, Tschida VH, Sung RJ, Sami M, Giorgi LV. Efficacy and safety of intravenous diltiazem for treatment of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol 1989;63:10461051. 237. Platia EV, Michelson EL, Porterfield JK, Das G. Esmolol versus verapamil in the acute treatment of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol 1989;63:925929. 238. Ellenbogen KA, Dias VC, Plumb VJ, Heywood JT, Mirvis DM. A placebocontrolled trial of continuous intravenous diltiazem infusion for 24-hour heart rate control during atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: a multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1991;18:891897. 239. Delle Karth G, Geppert A, Neunteufl T, Priglinger U, Haumer M, Gschwandtner M, Siostrzonek P, Heinz G. Amiodarone versus diltiazem for rate control in critically ill patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias. Crit Care Med 2001;29:11491153. 240. Clemo HF, Wood MA, Gilligan DM, Ellenbogen KA. Intravenous amiodarone for acute heart rate control in the critically ill patient with atrial tachyarrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 1998;81:594598. 241. Ghali WA, Wasil BI, Brant R, Exner DV, Cornuz J. Atrial flutter and the risk of thromboembolism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Med 2005;118:101107. 242. Vadmann H, Nielsen PB, Hjortshøj SP, Riahi S, Rasmussen LH, Lip GYH, Larsen TB. Atrial flutter and thromboembolic risk: a systematic review. Heart 2015;101:14461455. 243. Seidl K, Hauer B, Schwick NG, Zellner D, Zahn R, Senges J. Risk of thromboembolic events in patients with atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol 1998;82:580583. 244. Wood KA, Eisenberg SJ, Kalman JM, Drew BJ, Saxon LA, Lee RJ, Lesh MD, Scheinman MM. Risk of thromboembolism in chronic atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:10431047. 245. Lin YS, Chen YL, Chen TH, Lin MS, Liu CH, Yang TY, Chung CM, Chen MC. Comparison of clinical outcomes among patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter stratified by CHA2DS2-VASc score. JAMA Netw Open 2018;1:e180941. 246. Chen YL, Lin YS, Wang HT, Liu WH, Chen HC, Chen MC. Clinical outcomes of solitary atrial flutter patients using anticoagulation therapy: a national cohort study. Europace 2019;21:313321. 247. Schmidt H, von der Recke G, Illien S, Lewalter T, Schimpf R, Wolpert C, Becher H, Lu ̈deritz B, Omran H. Prevalence of left atrial chamber and appendage thrombi in patients with atrial flutter and its clinical significance. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:778784. 248. Gallagher MM, Guo X-H, Poloniecki JD, Guan Yap Y, Ward D, Camm AJ. Initial energy setting, outcome and efficiency in direct current cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and flutter. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:14981504. 249. Van Gelder IC, Crijns HJ, Van Gilst WH, Verwer R, Lie KI. Prediction of uneventful cardioversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm from direct-current electrical cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation and flutter. Am J Cardiol 1991;68:4146. 250. Crijns HJGM, Van Gelder IC, Kingma JH, Dunselman PHJM, Gosselink ATM, Lie KI. Atrial flutter can be terminated by a class III antiarrhythmic drug but not by a class IC drug. Eur Heart J 1994;15:14031408. 251. Stambler BS, Wood MA, Ellenbogen KA, Perry KT, Wakefield LK, VanderLugt JT. Efficacy and safety of repeated intravenous doses of ibutilide for rapid conversion of atrial flutter or fibrillation. Circulation 1996;94:16131621. 252. Ellenbogen KA, Stambler BS, Wood MA, Sager PT, Wesley RC, Meissner MD, Zoble RG, Wakefield LK, Perry KT, Vanderlugtt JT, Ibutilide I. Efficacy of intravenous ibutilide for rapid termination of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: a dose-response study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1996;28:130136. 253. Falk MDFRH, Pollak MDA, Singh MDFSN, Friedrich MDT. Intravenous dofetilide, a class III antiarrhythmic agent, for the termination of sustained atrial fibrillation or flutter. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997;29:385390. 254. Stambler BS, Wood MA, Ellenbogen KA. Antiarrhythmic actions of intravenous ibutilide compared with procainamide during human atrial flutter and fibrillation: electrophysiological determinants of enhanced conversion efficacy. Circulation 1997;96:42984306. 255. Volgman AS, Carberry PA, Stambler B, Lewis WR, Dunn GH, Perry KT, VanderLugt JT, Kowey PR. Conversion efficacy and safety of intravenous ibutilide compared with intravenous procainamide in patients with atrial flutter or fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:14141419. 256. Vos MA, Golitsyn SR, Stangl K, Ruda MY, Van Wijk L, Harry JD, Perry KT, Touboul P, Steinbeck G, Wellens HJJ. Superiority of ibutilide (a new class III agent) over dl-sotalol in converting atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. Heart 1998;79:568575. 257. Singh S, Zoble RG, Yellen L, Brodsky MA, Feld GK, Berk M, Billing CB. Efficacy and safety of oral dofetilide in converting to and maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. The Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation Investigative Research on Dofetilide (SAFIRE-D) study 2000;102: 23852390. 258. Peters RW, Shorofsky SR, Pelini M, Olsovsky M, Gold MR. Overdrive atrial pacing for conversion of atrial flutter: comparison of postoperative with nonpostoperative patients. Am Heart J 1999;137:100103. 259. Gillis AM, Unterberg-Buchwald C, Schmidinger H, Massimo S, Wolfe K, Kavaney DJ, Otterness MF, Hohnloser SH. Safety and efficacy of advanced atrial pacing therapies for atrial tachyarrhythmias in patients with a new implantable dual chamber cardioverter-defibrillator. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40: 16531659. 260. Mitchell AR, Spurrell PA, Cheatle L, Sulke N. Effect of atrial antitachycardia pacing treatments in patients with an atrial defibrillator: randomised study comparing subthreshold and nominal pacing outputs. Heart 2002;87:433437. 261. Rhodes LA, Walsh EP, Saul JP. Conversion of atrial flutter in pediatric patients by transesophageal atrial pacing: a safe, effective, minimally invasive procedure. Am Heart J 1995;130:323327. 262. Natale A, Newby KH, Pisano E, Leonelli F, Fanelli R, Potenza D, Beheiry S, Tomassoni G. Prospective randomized comparison of antiarrhythmic therapy versus first-line radiofrequency ablation in patients with atrial flutter. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000;35:18981904. 263. Da Costa A, The ́venin J, Roche F, Romeyer-Bouchard C, Abdellaoui L, Messier M, Denis L, Faure E, Gonthier R, Kruszynski G, Pages JM, Bonijoly S, Lamaison D, Defaye P, Barthe ́lemy JC, Gouttard T, Isaaz K. Results from the Loire- Arde`che-Droˆme-Ise`re-Puy-de-Doˆme (LADIP) trial on atrial flutter, a multicentric prospective randomized study comparing amiodarone and radiofrequency ablation after the first episode of symptomatic atrial flutter. Circulation 2006;114:16761681. 264. Satomi K, Chun KRJ, Tilz R, Bansch D, Ernst S, Antz M, Schmidt B, Kuck K-H, Ouyang F. Catheter ablation of multiple unstable macroreentrant tachycardia within the right atrium free wall in patients without previous cardiac surgery. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2010;3:2431. 265. Jais P, Shah DC, Haissaguerre M, Hocini M, Peng JT, Takahashi A, Garrigue S, Le Metayer P, Clementy J. Mapping and ablation of left atrial flutters. Circulation 2000;101:29282934. 266. Kall JG, Rubenstein DS, Kopp DE, Burke MC, Verdino RJ, Lin AC, Johnson CT, Cooke PA, Wang ZG, Fumo M, Wilber DJ. Atypical atrial flutter originating in the right atrial free wall. Circulation 2000;101:270279. 267. Nakagawa H, Shah N, Matsudaira K, Overholt E, Chandrasekaran K, Beckman KJ, Spector P, Calame JD, Rao A, Hasdemir C, Otomo K, Wang Z, Lazzara R, Jackman WM. Characterization of reentrant circuit in macroreentrant right atrial tachycardia after surgical repair of congenital heart disease: isolated channels between scars allow "focal" ablation. Circulation 2001;103:699709. 268. Ouyang F, Ernst S, Vogtmann T, Goya M, Volkmer M, Schaumann A, Bansch D, Antz M, Kuck K-H. Characterization of reentrant circuits in left atrial macroreentrant tachycardia: critical isthmus block can prevent atrial tachycardia recurrence. Circulation 2002;105:19341942. 269. Tai C-T, Huang J-L, Lin Y-K, Hsieh M-H, Lee P-C, Ding Y-A, Chang M-S, Chen S-A. Noncontact three-dimensional mapping and ablation of upper loop reentry originating in the right atrium. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002;40:746753. 270. Blackshear JL, Stambler BS, Strauss WE, Roy D, Dias VC, Beach CL, Ebener MK. Control of heart rate during transition from intravenous to oral diltiazem in atrial fibrillation or flutter. Am J Cardiol 1996;78:12461250. 271. Brodsky MA, Allen BJ, Grimes JA, Gold C. Enhanced atrioventricular conduction during atrial flutter after intravenous adenosine. N Engl J Med 1994;330:288289. 272. Strickberger SA, Man KC, Daoud EG, Goyal R, Brinkman K, Knight BP, Weiss R, Bahu M, Morady F. Adenosine-induced atrial arrhythmia: a prospective analysis. Ann Intern Med 1997;127:417422. 273. Crozier IG, Ikram H, Kenealy M, Levy L. Flecainide acetate for conversion of acute supraventricular tachycardia to sinus rhythm. Am J Cardiol 1987;59:607609. 274. Murdock CJ, Kyles AE, Yeung-Lai-Wah JA, Qi A, Vorderbrugge S, Kerr CR. Atrial flutter in patients treated for atrial fibrillation with propafenone. Am J Cardiol 1990;66:755757. 275. Bianconi L, Castro A, Dinelli M, Alboni P, Pappalardo A, Richiardi E, Santini M. Comparison of intravenously administered dofetilide versus amiodarone in the acute termination of atrial fibrillation and flutter. A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Eur Heart J 2000;21:12651273. Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/41/5/655/5556821 by guest on 07 October 2026