p.57 抽出テキスト

............................................................................................................................................................................. 186. Kistler PM, Roberts-Thomson KC, Haqqani HM, Fynn SP, Singarayar S, Vohra JK, Morton JB, Sparks PB, Kalman JM. P-wave morphology in focal atrial tachycardia: development of an algorithm to predict the anatomic site of origin. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:10101017. 187. Chen SA, Chiang CE, Yang CJ, Cheng CC, Wu TJ, Wang SP, Chiang BN, Chang MS. Sustained atrial tachycardia in adult patients. Electrophysiological characteristics, pharmacological response, possible mechanisms, and effects of radiofrequency ablation. Circulation 1994;90:12621278. 188. Mehta AV, Sanchez GR, Sacks EJ, Casta A, Dunn JM, Donner RM. Ectopic automatic atrial tachycardia in children: clinical characteristics, management and follow-up. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988;11:379385. 189. Hohnloser SH, Zabel M. Short- and long-term efficacy and safety of flecainide acetate for supraventricular arrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 1992;70:A3A10. 190. Kunze K-P, Kuck K-H, Schlu ̈ter M, Bleifeld W. Effect of encainide and flecainide on chronic ectopic atrial tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986;7:11211126. 191. Eidher U, Freihoff F, Kaltenbrunner W, Steinbach K. Efficacy and safety of ibutilide for the conversion of monomorphic atrial tachycardia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2006;29:358362. 192. Vietti-Ramus G, Veglio F, Marchisio U, Burzio P, Latini R. Efficacy and safety of short intravenous amiodarone in supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Int J Cardiol 1992;35:7785. 193. Salem JE, Dureau P, Funck-Brentano C, Hulot JS, El-Aissaoui M, Aissaoui N, Urien S, Faisy C. Effectiveness of heart rate control on hemodynamics in critically ill patients with atrial tachyarrhythmias managed by amiodarone. Pharmacol Res 2017;122:118126. 194. Anguera I, Brugada J, Roba M, Mont Ls, Aguinaga L, Geelen P, Brugada P. Outcomes after radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 2001;87:886890. 195. Biviano AB, Bain W, Whang W, Leitner J, Dizon J, Hickey K, Garan H. Focal left atrial tachycardias not associated with prior catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: clinical and electrophysiological characteristics. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2012;35:1727. 196. Medi C, Kalman JM, Haqqani H, Vohra JK, Morton JB, Sparks PB, Kistler PM. Tachycardia-mediated cardiomyopathy secondary to focal atrial tachycardia: longterm outcome after catheter ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:17911797. 197. Ouyang F, Ma J, Ho SY, B€ansch D, Schmidt B, Ernst S, Kuck K-H, Liu S, Huang H, Chen M, Chun J, Xia Y, Satomi K, Chu H, Zhang S, Antz M. Focal atrial tachycardia originating from the non-coronary aortic sinus: electrophysiological characteristics and catheter ablation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;48:122131. 198. Heusch A, Kramer HH, Krogmann ON, Rammos S, Bourgeois M. Clinical experience with propafenone for cardiac arrhythmias in the young. Eur Heart J 1994;15:10501056. 199. Meles E, Carbone C, Maggiolini S, Moretti P, CC DECGentile G, Gnecchi- Ruscone T. A case of atrial tachycardia treated with ivabradine as bridge to ablation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2015;26:565568. 200. Bohora S, Lokhandwala Y, Parekh P, Vasavda A. Reversal of tachycardiomyopathy due to left atrial tachycardia by ivabradine. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2011;22:340342. 201. Guccione P, Paul T, Garson A Jr. Long-term follow-up of amiodarone therapy in the young: continued efficacy, unimpaired growth, moderate side effects. J Am Coll Cardiol 1990;15:11181124. 202. von Bernuth G, Engelhardt W, Kramer HH, Singer H, Schneider P, Ulmer H, Brodherr-Heberlein S, Kienast W, Lang D, Lindinger A, Schmidt K. Atrial automatic tachycardia in infancy and childhood. Eur Heart J 1992;13:14101415. 203. Spector P, Reynolds MR, Calkins H, Sondhi M, Xu Y, Martin A, Williams CJ, Sledge I. Meta-analysis of ablation of atrial flutter and supraventricular tachycardia. Am J Cardiol 2009;104:671677. 204. Bohnen M, Stevenson WG, Tedrow UB, Michaud GF, John RM, Epstein LM, Albert CM, Koplan BA. Incidence and predictors of major complications from contemporary catheter ablation to treat cardiac arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm 2011;8:16611666. 205. Keegan R, Aguinaga L, Fenelon G, Uribe W, Rodriguez Diez G, Scanavacca M, Patete M, Carhuaz RZ, Labadet C, De Zuloaga C, Pozzer D, Scazzuso F. The first Latin American Catheter Ablation Registry. Europace 2015;17:794800. 206. Steinbeck G, Sinner MF, Lutz M, Muller-Nurasyid M, Kaab S, Reinecke H. Incidence of complications related to catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: a nationwide in-hospital analysis of administrative data for Germany in 2014. Eur Heart J 2018;39:40204029. 207. Konig S, Ueberham L, Schuler E, Wiedemann M, Reithmann C, Seyfarth M, Sause A, Tebbenjohanns J, Schade A, Shin DI, Staudt A, Zacharzowsky U, Andrie R, Wetzel U, Neuser H, Wunderlich C, Kuhlen R, Tijssen JGP, Hindricks G, Bollmann A. In-hospital mortality of patients with atrial arrhythmias: insights from the German-wide Helios hospital network of 161 502 patients and 34 025 arrhythmia-related procedures. Eur Heart J 2018;39:39473957. 208. Katritsis DG, Zografos T, Siontis KC, Giannopoulos G, Muthalaly RG, Liu Q, Latchamsetty R, Varga Z, Deftereos S, Swerdlow C, Callans DJ, Miller JM, Morady F, John RM, Stevenson WG. End-points for successful slow pathway catheter ablation in typical and atypical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia: a contemporary, multicenter study. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2019;5:113119. 209. Kastor JA. Multifocal atrial tachycardia. N Engl J Med 1990;322:17131717. 210. Bradley DJ, Fischbach PS, Law IH, Serwer GA, Dick M II. The clinical course of multifocal atrial tachycardia in infants and children. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:401408. 211. Iseri LT, Fairshter RD, Hardemann JL, Brodsky MA. Magnesium and potassium therapy in multifocal atrial tachycardia. Am Heart J 1985;110:789794. 212. Marchlinski FE, Miller JM. Atrial arrhythmias exacerbated by theophylline: response to verapamil and evidence for triggered activity in man. Chest 1985;88:931934. 213. Salerno DM, Anderson B, Sharkey PJ, Iber C. Intravenous verapamil for treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia with and without calcium pretreatment. Ann Intern Med 1987;107:623628. 214. Arsura E, Lefkin AS, Scher DL, Solar M, Tessler S. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of verapamil and metoprolol in treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia. Am J Med 1988;85:519524. 215. Pierce WJ, McGroary K. Multifocal atrial tachycardia and Ibutilide. Am J Geriatr Cardiol 2001;10:193195. 216. Ueng KC, Lee SH, Wu DJ, Lin CS, Chang MS, Chen SA. Radiofrequency catheter modification of atrioventricular junction in patients with COPD and medically refractory multifocal atrial tachycardia. Chest 2000;117:5259. 217. Hazard PB, Burnett CR. Verapamil in multifocal atrial tachycardia: hemodynamic and respiratory changes. Chest 1987;91:6870. 218. Levine JH, Michael JR, Guarnieri T. Treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia with verapamil. N Engl J Med 1985;312:2125. 219. Hazard PB, Burnett CR. Treatment of multifocal atrial tachycardia with metoprolol. Crit Care Med 1987;15:2025. 220. Saoudi N, Cosio F, Waldo A, Chen S-A, Iesaka Y, Lesh M, Saksena S, Salerno J, Schoels W. Classification of atrial flutter and regular atrial tachycardia according to electrophysiologic mechanism and anatomic bases: a statement from a joint expert group from the Working Group of Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2001;12:852866. 221. Saoudi N, Nair M, Abdelazziz A, Poty H, Daou A, Anselme F, Letac B. Electrocardiographic patterns and results of radiofrequency catheter ablation of clockwise type I atrial flutter. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 1996;7:931942. 222. Olgin JE, Kalman JM, Fitzpatrick AP, Lesh MD. Role of right atrial endocardial structures as barriers to conduction during human type I atrial flutter. Activation and entrainment mapping guided by intracardiac echocardiography. Circulation 1995;92:18391848. 223. Chugh A, Latchamsetty R, Oral H, Elmouchi D, Tschopp D, Reich S, Igic P, Lemerand T, Good E, Bogun F, Pelosi F Jr, Morady F. Characteristics of cavotricuspid isthmus-dependent atrial flutter after left atrial ablation of atrial fibrillation. Circulation 2006;113:609615. 224. Stevenson IH, Kistler PM, Spence SJ, Vohra JK, Sparks PB, Morton JB, Kalman JM. Scar-related right atrial macroreentrant tachycardia in patients without prior atrial surgery: electroanatomic characterization and ablation outcome. Heart Rhythm 2005;2:594601. 225. Havranek S, Simek J, Stovıcek P, Wichterle D. Distribution of mean cycle length in cavo-tricuspid isthmus dependent atrial flutter. Physiol Res 2012;61: 4351. 226. Barbato G, Carinci V, Tomasi C, Frassineti V, Margheri M, Di Pasquale G. Is electrocardiography a reliable tool for identifying patients with isthmusdependent atrial flutter? Europace 2009;11:10711076. 227. Halligan SC, Gersh BJ, Brown RD Jr, Rosales AG, Munger TM, Shen WK, Hammill SC, Friedman PA. The natural history of lone atrial flutter. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:265268. 228. Chinitz JS, Gerstenfeld EP, Marchlinski FE, Callans DJ. Atrial fibrillation is common after ablation of isolated atrial flutter during long-term follow-up. Heart Rhythm 2007;4:10291033. 229. Pe ́rez FJ, Schubert CM, Parvez B, Pathak V, Ellenbogen KA, Wood MA. Longterm outcomes after catheter ablation of cavo-tricuspid isthmus dependent atrial flutter. A meta-analysis. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2009;2:393401. 230. Reithmann C, Hoffmann E, Spitzlberger G, Dorwarth U, Gerth A, Remp T, Steinbeck G. Catheter ablation of atrial flutter due to amiodarone therapy for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 2000;21:565572. 231. Bertaglia E, Bonso A, Zoppo F, Proclemer A, Verlato R, Cor O L, Mantovan R, Themistoclakis S, Raviele A, Pascotto P. Different clinical courses and predictors of atrial fibrillation occurrence after transisthmic ablation in patients with preablation lone atrial flutter, coexistent atrial fibrillation, and drug induced atrial flutter. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2004;27:15071512. 232. Nabar A, Rodriguez LM, Timmermans C, van Mechelen R, Wellens HJJ. Class IC antiarrhythmic drug induced atrial flutter: electrocardiographic and Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/41/5/655/5556821 by guest on 07 October 2026