p.61 抽出テキスト

• rabbits (70 RHD): no adverse effects on live births or foetal development

Nifedipine Calcium channel blocker

C Yes Yesb (maximum of 1.8%) Tocolytic; sublingual application and potential synergism with magnesium sulfate may induce hypotension (mother) and foetal hypoxia • clinical studies: first trimester: (n = 34 and n = 76): no teratogenic effects433,434 • however, increased perinatal asphyxia, caesarean delivery, prematurity, and intrauterine growth retardation Animal data: • rodents, rabbits, and monkeys: embryotoxic, placentotoxic, teratogenic, and foetotoxic effects: stunted foetuses (rats, mice, and rabbits), digital anomalies (rats and rabbits), rib deformities (mice), cleft palate (mice), small placentas and underdeveloped chorionic villi (monkeys), embryonic and foetal deaths (rats, mice, and rabbits), prolonged pregnancy (rats; not evaluated in other species), and decreased neonatal survival (rats; not evaluated in other species) Nitroprusside Vasodilator C Yes (animal studies in ewes, crosses the pla- cental barrier)

Unknown Inadequate human data • use only if needed Animal data: • no adequate, well-controlled studies • foetal cyanide levels were shown to be dose-related to maternal levels of nitroprusside • in pregnant ewes, metabolic transformation led to fatal levels of cyanide in the foetuses; infusion of 25 mg/kg/min for 1 h in pregnant ewes resulted in the death of all foetuses, infusion with 1 mg/kg/min for 1 h delivered normal lambs • effects of administering sodium thiosulfate in pregnancy, either alone or in com- bination with sodium nitroprusside, are unknown Phenprocoumon Vitamin K antagonist D Yes Yes (maximum of 10%), well tolerated as inactive metabolite

Coumarin embryopathy, bleeding (see discussions in sections 3 and 5)

Prasugrel Antiplatelet drug - Unknown Yes (studies in rats have shown excretion in breast milk)

Inadequate human data Animal data: • no malformations in rats and rabbits • at very high dose (>240 RHD), effects on maternal body weight and/or food consumption, and a slight decrease in offspring body weight (relative to con- trols), was documented • in pre- and post-natal rat studies (240 RHD), maternal treatment had no effect on the behavioural or reproductive development of the offspring Continued Downloaded from academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/39/34/3165/5078465 by guest on 07 October 2026