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October 21, 2025 Circulation. 2025;152(suppl 2):S538–S577. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001376 S546

Wigginton et al Advanced Life Support: 2025 AHA Guidelines for CPR and ECC

post-shock VF during ongoing CPR,28 provide the precise timing interval needed between shocks, and best direct if, how, when, and in whom such a strategy may be applicable.

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A method for continuous rhythm classification and early detection of ventricular fibrillation during CPR. Resuscitation. 2022;176:90–97. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2022.05.019

NONDEFIBRILLATION ELECTRICAL THERAPIES FOR CARDIAC ARREST

Nondefibrillation Electrical Therapies for Cardiac Arrest COR LOE Recommendation

3: No Benefit B-R 1.  Routine use of electrical pacing is not recommended during the resuscitation of an established adult cardiac arrest.

Synopsis In addition to defibrillation, alternative electrical therapies have been explored as possible treatment options during cardiac arrest. Transcutaneous pacing has been studied during cardiac arrest with bradyasystolic cardiac rhythm. In theory, the heart will respond to electrical stimuli by producing myocardial contraction and generating forward movement of blood, but clinical trials have not shown pacing to improve patient outcomes.

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