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Kusumoto et al 2018 Bradycardia Clinical Practice Guidelines Circulation. 2019;140:e382–e482. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000628 August 20, 2019 e477 CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES S8.4.1-2. Lanz M, Oehl B, Brandt A, et al. Seizure induced cardiac asystole in epilepsy patients undergoing long term video-EEG monitoring. Seizure. 2011;20:167–72. S8.4.1-3. Schuele SU, Bermeo AC, Alexopoulos AV, et al. Video-electrographic and clinical features in patients with ictal asystole. Neurology. 2007;69:434–41. S8.4.1-4. Tenyi D, Gyimesi C, Kupo P, et al. Ictal asystole: a systematic review. Epilepsia. 2017;58:356–62. S8.4.1-5. Constantin L, Martins JB, Fincham RW, et al. Bradycardia and syncope as manifestations of partial epilepsy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15:900–5. 9 EVALUATION OF THE RISKS FOR VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS IN PATIENTS WHO REQUIRE PERMANENT PACING S9-1. Anselme F, Moubarak G, Savoure A, et al. Implantable cardioverterdefibrillators in lamin A/C mutation carriers with cardiac conduction disorders. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10:1492–8. S9-2. Gadler F, Valzania C, Linde C. Current use of implantable electrical devices in Sweden: data from the Swedish pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator registry. Europace. 2015;17:69–77. S9-3. Gupta N, Kiley ML, Anthony F, et al. Multi-center, community-based cardiac implantable electronic devices registry: population, device utilization, and outcomes. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5:e002798. S9-4. Kirkfeldt RE, Johansen JB, Nohr EA, et al. Complications after cardiac implantable electronic device implantations: an analysis of a complete, nationwide cohort in Denmark. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:1186–94. S9-5. Maron BJ, Spirito P, Shen WK, et al. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators and prevention of sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JAMA. 2007;298:405–12. S9-6. Sochala M, Wahbi K, Sorbets E, et al. Risk for complications after pacemaker or cardioverter defibrillator implantations in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1. J Neuromuscul Dis. 2017;4:175–81. S9-7. Takaya Y, Kusano KF, Nakamura K, et al. Outcomes in patients with high-degree atrioventricular block as the initial manifestation of cardiac sarcoidosis. Am J Cardiol. 2015;115:505–9. S9-8. Kusumoto FM, Calkins H, Boehmer J, et al. HRS/ACC/AHA expert consensus statement on the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients who are not included or not well represented in clinical trials. Circulation. 2014;130:94–125. S9-9. Al-Khatib SM, Stevenson WG, Ackerman MJ, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/ HRS guideline for management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2018;138:e272–391. 10 COST AND VALUE CONSIDERATIONS S10-1. MedicareHelp. Permanent Cardiac Pacemaker Implant No Complications. Available at: http://www.medicarehelp.org/costof-medicare/procedure/permanent-cardiac-pacemaker-implant-nocomplications. Accessed October 21, 2018. S10-2. Caro J, Ward A, Moller J. Modelling the health benefits and economic implications of implanting dual-chamber vs. single-chamber ventricular pacemakers in the UK. Europace. 2006;8:449–55. S10-3. Castelnuovo E, Stein K, Pitt M, et al. The effectiveness and costeffectiveness of dual-chamber pacemakers compared with singlechamber pacemakers for bradycardia due to atrioventricular block or sick sinus syndrome: systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2005;9:iii, xi-xiii, 1-246. S10-4. Deniz HB, Caro JJ, Ward A, et al. Economic and health conse- quences of managing bradycardia with dual-chamber compared to single-chamber ventricular pacemakers in Italy. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2008;9:43–50. S10-5. Edwards SJ, Karner C, Trevor N, et al. Dual-chamber pacemakers for treating symptomatic bradycardia due to sick sinus syndrome without atrioventricular block: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2015;19:1–210. S10-6. Rinfret S, Cohen DJ, Lamas GA, et al. Cost-effectiveness of dualchamber pacing compared with ventricular pacing for sinus node dysfunction. Circulation. 2005;111:165–72. S10-7. Nielsen JC, Thomsen PE, Hojberg S, et al. A comparison of singlelead atrial pacing with dual-chamber pacing in sick sinus syndrome. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:686–96. S10-8. Oddershede L, Riahi S, Nielsen JC, et al. Health economic evaluation of single-lead atrial pacing vs. dual-chamber pacing in sick sinus syndrome. Europace. 2014;16:866–72. 11 SHARED DECISION-MAKING S11-1. Ottenberg AL, Mueller PS, Topazian RJ, et al. “It’s not broke, so let’s not try to fix it”: why patients decline a cardiovascular implantable electronic device. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2014;37:1306–14. S11-2. Lewis KB, Stacey D, Matlock DD. Making decisions about implantable cardioverter-defibrillators from implantation to end of life: an integrative review of patients’ perspectives. Patient. 2014;7: 243–60. S11-3. Stewart GC, Weintraub JR, Pratibhu PP, et al. Patient expectations from implantable defibrillators to prevent death in heart failure. J Card Fail. 2010;16:106–13. S11-4. Hauptman PJ, Chibnall JT, Guild C, et al. Patient perceptions, physician communication, and the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. JAMA Intern Med. 2013;173:571–7. S11-5. Yuhas J, Mattocks K, Gravelin L, et al. Patients’ attitudes and perceptions of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: potential barriers to appropriate primary prophylaxis. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2012;35:1179–87. S11-6. Elwyn G, Edwards A, Kinnersley P, et al. Shared decision making and the concept of equipoise: the competences of involving patients in healthcare choices. Br J Gen Pract. 2000;50:892–9. S11-7. Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Wilkoff BL, et al. 2017 HRS expert consensus statement on cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead management and extraction. Heart Rhythm. 2017;14:e503–51. S11-8. Lampert R, Hayes DL, Annas GJ, et al. HRS expert consensus statement on the management of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) in patients nearing end of life or requesting withdrawal of therapy. Heart Rhythm. 2010;7:1008–26. S11-9. Lau CP, Tai YT, Lee PW, et al. Quality-of-life in DDDR pacing: atrioventricular synchrony or rate adaptation? Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1994;17:1838–43. S11-10. Lukl J, Doupal V, Heinc P. Quality-of-life during DDD and dual sensor VVIR pacing. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1994;17:1844–8. S11-11. Armaganijan LV, Toff WD, Nielsen JC, et al. Are elderly patients at increased risk of complications following pacemaker implantation? A meta-analysis of randomized trials. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2012;35:131–4. 12 QUALITY OF LIFE S12-1. Fleischmann KE, Orav EJ, Lamas GA, et al. Pacemaker implantation and quality of life in the Mode Selection Trial (MOST). Heart Rhythm. 2006;3:653–9. S12-2. Lamas GA, Lee KL, Sweeney MO, et al. Ventricular pacing or dual-chamber pacing for sinus-node dysfunction. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:1854–62. S12-3. Lamas GA, Orav EJ, Stambler BS, et al. Quality of life and clinical outcomes in elderly patients treated with ventricular pacing as compared with dual-chamber pacing. Pacemaker Selection in the Elderly Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1097–104. S12-4. Newman D, Lau C, Tang AS, et al. Effect of pacing mode on healthrelated quality of life in the Canadian Trial of Physiologic Pacing. Am Heart J. 2003;145:430–7. S12-5. Udo EO, van Hemel NM, Zuithoff NP, et al. 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