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Kusumoto et al 2018 Bradycardia Clinical Practice Guidelines

August 20, 2019 Circulation. 2019;140:e382–e482. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000628 e472

CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES 8.1.2 Postoperative Bradycardia and Conduction Disorders After Cardiac Surgery

S8.1.2-1.	 Socie P, Nicot F, Baudinaud P, et al. Frequency of recovery from complete atrioventricular block after cardiac surgery. Am J Cardiol. 2017;120:1841–6. S8.1.2-2.	 Kiehl EL, Makki T, Matar RM, et al. Incidence and predictors of

late atrioventricular conduction recovery among patients requiring permanent pacemaker for complete heart block after cardiac surgery. Heart Rhythm. 2017;14:1786–92.

8.1.2.1 Coronary Artery Bypass

S8.1.2.1-1.	 Caspi Y, Safadi T, Ammar R, et al. The significance of bundle branch block in the immediate postoperative electrocardiograms of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1987;93:442–6. S8.1.2.1-2.	 Cook DJ, Bailon JM, Douglas TT, et al. Changing incidence, type, and natural history of conduction defects after coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;80:1732–7. S8.1.2.1-3.	 Mackstaller LL, Alpert JS. Atrial fibrillation: a review of mechanism, etiology, and therapy. Clin Cardiol. 1997;20:640–50. S8.1.2.1-4.	 Ngaage DL, Schaff HV, Mullany CJ, et al. Does preoperative atrial fibrillation influence early and late outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007;133:182–9. S8.1.2.1-5.	 Puskas JD, Sharoni E, Williams WH, et al. Is routine use of temporary epicardial pacing wires necessary after either OPCAB or conventional CABG/CPB? Heart Surg Forum. 2003;6:E103–6. S8.1.2.1-6.	 Satinsky JD, Collins JJ Jr, Dalen JE. Conduction defects after cardiac surgery. Circulation. 1974;50:(suppl 2):II170–4. S8.1.2.1-7.	 Tuzcu EM, Emre A, Goormastic M, et al. Incidence and prognostic significance of intraventricular conduction abnormalities after coronary bypass surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;16:607–10. S8.1.2.1-8.	 Yesil M, Bayata S, Arikan E, et al. Should we revascularize before implanting a pacemaker? Clin Cardiol. 2008;31:498–501. S8.1.2.1-9.	 Zeldis SM, Morganroth J, Horowitz LN, et al. Fascicular conduction distrubances after coronary bypass surgery. Am J Cardiol. 1978;41:860–4. S8.1.2.1-10.	 Bethea BT, Salazar JD, Grega MA, et al. Determining the utility of temporary pacing wires after coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;79:104–7. S8.1.2.1-11.	 Bougioukas I, Jebran AF, Grossmann M, et al. Is there a correlation between late re-exploration after cardiac surgery and removal of epicardial pacemaker wires? J Cardiothorac Surg. 2017;12:3. S8.1.2.1-12.	 Slogoff S, Keats AS, Ott E. Preoperative propranolol therapy and aortocoronary bypass operation. JAMA. 1978;240:1487–90. S8.1.2.1-13.	 Imren Y, Benson AA, Oktar GL, et al. Is use of temporary pacing wires following coronary bypass surgery really necessary? J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2008;49:261–7. S8.1.2.1-14.	 Garcia-Bengochea JB, Fernandez AL, Calvelo DS, et al. Temporary epicardial left ventricular and biventricular pacing improves cardiac output after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2012;7:113. S8.1.2.1-15.	 Russell SJ, Tan C, O’Keefe P, et al. Optimized temporary biventricular pacing improves haemodynamic function after onpump cardiac surgery in patients with severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction: a two-centre randomized control trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2012;42:e146–51. S8.1.2.1-16.	 Evonich RF, Stephens JC, Merhi W, et al. The role of temporary biventricular pacing in the cardiac surgical patient with severely reduced left ventricular systolic function. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008;136:915–21. S8.1.2.1-17.	 Navia JL, Atik FA, Grimm RA, et al. Minimally invasive left ventricular epicardial lead placement: surgical techniques for heart failure resynchronization therapy. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;79:1536–44; discussion -44. S8.1.2.1-18.	 Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Wilkoff BL, et al. 2017 HRS expert consensus statement on cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead management and extraction. Heart Rhythm. 2017;14:e503–51. S8.1.2.1-19.	 Indik JH, Gimbel JR, Abe H, et al. 2017 HRS expert consensus

statement on magnetic resonance imaging and radiation exposure in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. Heart Rhythm. 2017;14:e97–153. S8.1.2.1-20.	 Padmanabhan D, Kella DK, Mehta R, et al. Safety of magnetic

resonance imaging in patients with legacy pacemakers and defibrillators and abandoned leads. Heart Rhythm. 2018;15:228–33.

8.1.2.2 Surgery for Atrial Fibrillation

S8.1.2.2-1.	 Gammie JS, Haddad M, Milford-Beland S, et al. Atrial fibrillation correction surgery: lessons from the Society of Thoracic Surgeons National Cardiac Database. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;85:909–14. S8.1.2.2-2.	 Gillinov AM, Gelijns AC, Parides MK, et al. Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation during mitral-valve surgery. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1399–409. S8.1.2.2-3.	 Phan K, Xie A, La Meir M, et al. Surgical ablation for treatment of atrial fibrillation in cardiac surgery: a cumulative meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Heart. 2014;100:722–30. S8.1.2.2-4.	 Saint LL, Damiano RJ Jr, Cuculich PS, et al. Incremental risk of the Cox-maze IV procedure for patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing mitral valve surgery. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;146:1072–7. S8.1.2.2-5.	 Lee R, McCarthy PM, Wang EC, et al. Midterm survival in patients treated for atrial fibrillation: a propensity-matched comparison to patients without a history of atrial fibrillation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012;143:1341–51; discussion 50–1. S8.1.2.2-6.	 Ad N, Suri RM, Gammie JS, et al. Surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation trends and outcomes in North America. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012;144:1051–60. S8.1.2.2-7.	 Navia JL, Atik FA, Grimm RA, et al. Minimally invasive left ventricular epicardial lead placement: surgical techniques for heart failure resynchronization therapy. Ann Thorac Surg. 2005;79:1536–44; discussion-44. S8.1.2.2-8.	 Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Wilkoff BL, et al. 2017 HRS expert consensus statement on cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead management and extraction. Heart Rhythm. 2017;14:e503–51. S8.1.2.2-9.	 Indik JH, Gimbel JR, Abe H, et al. 2017 HRS expert consensus statement on magnetic resonance imaging and radiation exposure in patients with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices. Heart Rhythm. 2017;14:e97–153. S8.1.2.2-10.	 Padmanabhan D, Kella DK, Mehta R, et al. Safety of magnetic

resonance imaging in patients with legacy pacemakers and defibrillators and abandoned leads. Heart Rhythm. 2018;15:228–33.

8.1.2.3 Valvular Surgery

S8.1.2.3-1.	 Goldman BS, Hill TJ, Weisel RD, et al. Permanent cardiac pacing after open-heart surgery: acquired heart disease. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1984;7:367–71. S8.1.2.3-2.	 Elahi MM, Lee D, Dhannapuneni RR. Predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation during the early postoperative period after valve surgery. Tex Heart Inst J. 2006;33:455–7. S8.1.2.3-3.	 Koplan BA, Stevenson WG, Epstein LM, et al. Development and validation of a simple risk score to predict the need for permanent pacing after cardiac valve surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:795–801. S8.1.2.3-4.	 Leyva F, Qiu T, McNulty D, et al. Long-term requirement for

pacemaker implantation after cardiac valve replacement surgery. Heart Rhythm. 2017;14:529–34.

8.1.2.3.1 Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement or Repair

S8.1.2.3.1-1.	 Bagur R, Manazzoni JM, Dumont É, et al. Permanent pacemaker implantation following isolated aortic valve replacement in a large cohort of elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis. Heart. 2011;97:1687–94. S8.1.2.3.1-2.	 Dawkins S, Hobson AR, Kalra PR, et al. Permanent pacemaker implantation after isolated aortic valve replacement: incidence, indications, and predictors. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;85:108–12. S8.1.2.3.1-3.	 Limongelli G, Ducceschi V, D’Andrea A, et al. Risk factors for pacemaker implantation following aortic valve replacement: a single centre experience. Heart. 2003;89:901–4. S8.1.2.3.1-4.	 Baraki H, Al Ahmad A, Jeng-Singh S, et al. Pacemaker depen-

dency after isolated aortic valve replacement: do conductance disorders recover over time? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2013;16:476–81.

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