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Kusumoto et al 2018 Bradycardia Clinical Practice Guidelines

Circulation. 2019;140:e382–e482. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000628 August 20, 2019 e467 CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES

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block: pathophysiology and diagnosis. Heart. 2013;99:904–8.

6.4.2 Transient/Potentially Reversible Causes of Atrioventricular Block

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guideline for the evaluation and management of patients with syncope: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2017;136:e60–22. 6.4.3. Additional Testing for Chronic Therapy/Management of Bradycardia Attributable to Atrioventricular Block S6.4.3-1.	 Giada F, Gulizia M, Francese M, et al. Recurrent unexplained palpitations (RUP) study comparison of implantable loop recorder versus conventional diagnostic strategy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:1951–6. S6.4.3-2.	 Kinlay S, Leitch JW, Neil A, et al. Cardiac event recorders yield more

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loop recorder in syncope evaluation: a randomized study in the context of the French healthcare system (FRESH study). Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;107:546–52. S6.4.3-4.	Sivakumaran S, Krahn AD, Klein GJ, et al. A prospective randomized comparison of loop recorders versus Holter monitors in patients with syncope or presyncope. Am J Med. 2003;115:1–5. S6.4.3-5.	Bakst A, Goldberg B, Schamroth L. Significance of exercise-induced second degree atrioventricular block. Br Heart J. 1975;37:984–6. S6.4.3-6.	Shetty RK, Agarwal S, Ganiga Sanjeeva NC, et al. Trifascicular block progressing to complete AV block on exercise: a rare presentation demonstrating the usefulness of exercise testing. BMJ Case Rep. 2015;2015:bcr2014209180. S6.4.3-7.	Fisher JD. Role of electrophysiologic testing in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with known and suspected bradycardias and tachycardias. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1981;24:25–90. S6.4.3-8.	Katritsis DG, Josephson ME. Electrophysiological testing for the investigation of bradycardias. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev. 2017;6:24–8. S6.4.3-9.	Zipes DP. Second-degree atrioventricular block. Circulation. 1979;60:465–72. S6.4.3-10.	Mangiardi LM, Bonamini R, Conte M, et al. Bedside evaluation of atrioventricular block with narrow QRS complexes: usefulness of carotid sinus massage and atropine administration. Am J Cardiol. 1982;49:1136–45. S6.4.3-11.	Twidale N, Heddle WF, Tonkin AM. Procainamide administration during electrophysiology study–utility as a provocative test for intermittent atrioventricular block. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1988;11:1388–97. S6.4.3-12.	Brembilla-Perrot B, Muhanna I, Nippert M, et al. Paradoxical effect of isoprenaline infusion. Europace. 2005;7:621–7. S6.4.3-13.	Solano A, Menozzi C, Maggi R, et al. Incidence, diagnostic yield and safety of the implantable loop-recorder to detect the mechanism of syncope in patients with and without structural heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:1116–9. S6.4.3-14.	Barold SS. Lingering misconceptions about type I second-degree atrioventricular block. Am J Cardiol. 2001;88:1018–20. S6.4.3-15.	Toeda T, Suetake S, Tsuchida K, et al. Exercise induced atrioventricular block with gap phenomenon in atrioventricular conduction. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2000;23:527–9. S6.4.3-16.	Chokshi SK, Sarmiento J, Nazari J, et al. Exercise-provoked distal atrioventricular block. Am J Cardiol. 1990;66:114–6. S6.4.3-17.	Bogossian H, Frommeyer G, Gobbert K, et al. Is there a prognostic relevance of electrophysiological studies in bundle branch block patients? Clin Cardiol. 2017;40:575–9. S6.4.3-18.	Toda I, Kawahara T, Murakawa Y, et al. Electrophysiological study of young patients with exercise related paroxysms of palpitation: role of atropine and isoprenaline for initiation of supraventricular tachycardia. Br Heart J. 1989;61:268–73. S6.4.3-19.	Helmy I, Scheinman MM, Herre JM, et al. Electrophysiologic

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6.4.4 Permanent Pacing

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chronic second-degree atrioventricular nodal block. Circulation. 1981;63:1043–9.

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