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Kusumoto et al 2018 Bradycardia Clinical Practice Guidelines

August 20, 2019 Circulation. 2019;140:e382–e482. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000628 e466

CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES S6.3.2-10.	 Goodfellow J, Walker PR. Reversal of atropine-resistant atrioven-

tricular block with intravenous aminophylline in the early phase of inferior wall acute myocardial infarction following treatment with streptokinase. Eur Heart J. 1995;16:862–5. S6.3.2-11.	 Hurley KF, Magee K, Green R. Aminophylline for bradyasystolic cardiac arrest in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015:CD006781. S6.3.2-12.	 Abu-Laban RB, McIntyre CM, Christenson JM, et al. Aminophylline

in bradyasystolic cardiac arrest: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2006;367:1577–84.

6.3.3 Temporary Pacing for Atrioventricular Block

S6.3.3-1.	 Bjornstad CC, Gjertsen E, Thorup F, et al. Temporary cardiac pacemaker treatment in five Norwegian regional hospitals. Scand Cardiovasc J. 2012;46:137–43. S6.3.3-2.	 Murphy JJ. Current practice and complications of temporary transvenous cardiac pacing. BMJ. 1996;312:1134. S6.3.3-3.	 Betts TR. Regional survey of temporary transvenous pacing procedures and complications. Postgrad Med J. 2003;79:463–5. S6.3.3-4.	 Hynes JK, Holmes DR Jr, Harrison CE. Five-year experience with temporary pacemaker therapy in the coronary care unit. Mayo Clin Proc. 1983;58:122–6. S6.3.3-5.	 López Ayerbe J, Villuendas Sabaté R, García García C, et al. Temporary pacemakers: current use and complications. Revista Española de Cardiología (English Edition). 2004;57:1045–52. S6.3.3-6.	 Ferguson JD, Banning AP, Bashir Y. Randomised trial of temporary cardiac pacing with semirigid and balloon-flotation electrode catheters. Lancet. 1997;349:1883. S6.3.3-7.	 Lang R, David D, Klein HO, et al. The use of the balloon-tipped floating catheter in temporary transvenous cardiac pacing. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1981;4:491–6. S6.3.3-8.	 Braun MU, Rauwolf T, Bock M, et al. Percutaneous lead implantation connected to an external device in stimulation-dependent patients with systemic infection–a prospective and controlled study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2006;29:875–9. S6.3.3-9.	 Chihrin SM, Mohammed U, Yee R, et al. Utility and cost effectiveness of temporary pacing using active fixation leads and an externally placed reusable permanent pacemaker. Am J Cardiol. 2006;98:1613–5. S6.3.3-10.	 de Cock CC, Van Campen CM, In’t Veld JA, et al. Utility and safety of prolonged temporary transvenous pacing using an activefixation lead: comparison with a conventional lead. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2003;26:1245–8. S6.3.3-11.	 Kawata H, Pretorius V, Phan H, et al. Utility and safety of temporary pacing using active fixation leads and externalized reusable permanent pacemakers after lead extraction. Europace. 2013;15:1287–91. S6.3.3-12.	 Kornberger A, Schmid E, Kalender G, et al. Bridge to recovery or permanent system implantation: an eight-year single-center experience in transvenous semipermanent pacing. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2013;36:1096–103. S6.3.3-13.	 Lever N, Ferguson JD, Bashir Y, et al. Prolonged temporary cardiac pacing using subcutaneous tunnelled active-fixation permanent pacing leads. Heart. 2003;89:209–10. S6.3.3-14.	 Zei PC, Eckart RE, Epstein LM. Modified temporary cardiac pacing using transvenous active fixation leads and external re-sterilized pulse generators. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1487–9. S6.3.3-15.	 Morrison LJ, Long J, Vermeulen M, et al. A randomized controlled feasibility trial comparing safety and effectiveness of prehospital pacing versus conventional treatment: ‘PrePACE.’ Resuscitation. 2008;76:341–9. S6.3.3-16.	 Cummins RO, Graves JR, Larsen MP, et al. Out-of-hospital transcutaneous pacing by emergency medical technicians in patients with asystolic cardiac arrest. N Engl J Med. 1993;328:1377–82. S6.3.3-17.	 Barthell E, Troiano P, Olson D, et al. Prehospital external cardiac pacing: a prospective, controlled clinical trial. Ann Emerg Med. 1988;17:1221–6. S6.3.3-18.	 Hedges JR, Feero S, Shultz B, et al. Prehospital transcutaneous cardiac pacing for symptomatic bradycardia. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1991;14:1473–8. S6.3.3-19.	 Sherbino J, Verbeek PR, MacDonald RD, et al. Prehospital trans-

cutaneous cardiac pacing for symptomatic bradycardia or bradyasystolic cardiac arrest: a systematic review. Resuscitation. 2006;70:193–200. S6.3.3-20.	 Zoll PM, Zoll RH, Falk RH, et al. External noninvasive temporary

cardiac pacing: clinical trials. Circulation. 1985;71:937–44. S6.3.3-21.	 Hwang YM, Kim CM, Moon KW. Periprocedural temporary pacing in primary percutaneous coronary intervention for patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction. Clin Interv Aging. 2016;11:287–92. S6.3.3-22.	 Bocka JJ. External transcutaneous pacemakers. Ann Emerg Med. 1989;18:1280–6. S6.3.3-23.	 Ferri LA, Farina A, Lenatti L, et al. Emergent transvenous cardiac pacing using ultrasound guidance: a prospective study versus the standard fluoroscopy-guided procedure. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2016;5:125–9. S6.3.3-24.	 Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Wilkoff BL, et al. 2017 HRS expert consensus statement on cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead management and extraction. Heart Rhythm. 2017;14:e503–51. S6.3.3-25.	 Im SH, Han MH, Kim SH, et al. Transcutaneous temporary car-

diac pacing in carotid stenting: noninvasive prevention of angioplasty-induced bradycardia and hypotension. J Endovasc Ther. 2008;15:110–6.

6.4 Chronic Therapy/Management

of Bradycardia Attributable to Atrioventricular Block

S6.4-1.	 Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2016 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update on new pharmacological therapy for heart failure: an update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation. 2016;134:e282–93. S6.4-2.	 Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline

for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013;128:e240–327. 6.4.1. General Principles of Chronic Therapy/ Management of Bradycardia Attributable to Atrioventricular Block

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drome following inadvertent fast pathway ablation for atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1993;4:178–82.

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