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Kusumoto et al 2018 Bradycardia Clinical Practice Guidelines

August 20, 2019 Circulation. 2019;140:e382–e482. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000628 e460

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5.3.2 Acute Medical Therapy for Bradycardia

5.3.2.1 Atropine and Beta Agonists for Bradycardia Attributable to SND

S5.3.2.1-1.	Brady WJ, Swart G, DeBehnke DJ, et al. The efficacy of atropine in the treatment of hemodynamically unstable bradycardia and atrioventricular block: prehospital and emergency department considerations. Resuscitation. 1999;41:47–55. S5.3.2.1-2.	Scheinman MM, Thorburn D, Abbott JA. Use of atropine in patients with acute myocardial infarction and sinus bradycardia. Circulation. 1975;52:627–33. S5.3.2.1-3.	Swart G, Brady WJ Jr, DeBehnke DJ, et al. Acute myocardial infarction complicated by hemodynamically unstable bradyarrhythmia: prehospital and ED treatment with atropine. Am J Emerg Med. 1999;17:647–52. S5.3.2.1-4.	Warren JV, Lewis RP. Beneficial effects of atropine in the pre-hospital phase of coronary care. Am J Cardiol. 1976;37:68–72. S5.3.2.1-5.	Gee SW, Karsies TJ. Listeria meningitis-associated bradyarrhythmia treated with isoproterenol. Am J Emerg Med. 2015;33:306. e1–2. S5.3.2.1-6.	Herman SC, Zhou J. Isoproterenol infusion for treatment of refractory symptomatic bradycardia in parturients with congenital complete heart block. Int J Obstet Anesth. 2011;20:361–3. author reply 3. S5.3.2.1-7.	Mandel WJ, Hayakawa H, Allen HN, et al. Assessment of sinus node function in patients with the sick sinus syndrome. Circulation. 1972;46:761–9. S5.3.2.1-8.	Ogawa H, Inoue T, Miwa S, et al. Heart rate responses to autonomic drugs in sick sinus syndrome–correlation with syncope and electrophysiologic data. Jpn Circ J. 1991;55:15–23. S5.3.2.1-9.	Sodeck GH, Domanovits H, Meron G, et al. Compromising bradycardia: management in the emergency department. Resuscitation. 2007;73:96–102. S5.3.2.1-10.	 Strauss HC, Bigger JT, Saroff AL, et al. Electrophysiologic evaluation of sinus node function in patients with sinus node dysfunction. Circulation. 1976;53:763–76. S5.3.2.1-11.	 Morrison LJ, Long J, Vermeulen M, et al. A randomized controlled feasibility trial comparing safety and effectiveness of prehospital pacing versus conventional treatment: ‘PrePACE.’ Resuscitation. 2008;76:341–9. S5.3.2.1-12.	 Bernheim A, Fatio R, Kiowski W, et al. Atropine often results in complete atrioventricular block or sinus arrest after cardiac transplantation: an unpredictable and dose-independent phenomenon. Transplantation. 2004;77:1181–5. S5.3.2.1-13.	 Link MS, Berkow LC, Kudenchuk PJ, et al. Part 7: adult advanced cardiovascular life support: 2015 American Heart Association guidelines update for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2015;132: S444–64. S5.3.2.1-14.	 Dhingra RC, Deedwania PC, Cummings JM, et al. Electrophysiologic effects of lidocaine on sinus node and atrium in patients with and without sinoatrial dysfunction. Circulation. 1978;57:448–54. S5.3.2.1-15.	 Meyer EC, Sommers DK, Schoeman HS, et al. The effect of atro-

pine on heart-rate: a comparison between two ethnic groups. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1988;25:776–7.

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