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Circulation. 2018;138:e272–e391. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000549 September 25, 2018 e379 CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES

8.3 Interfascicular Reentrant VT

(Belhassen Tachycardia)

S8.3-1.	 Lin D, Hsia HH, Gerstenfeld EP, et al. Idiopathic fascicular left ventricular tachycardia: linear ablation lesion strategy for noninducible or nonsustained tachycardia. Heart Rhythm. 2005;2:934–9. S8.3-2.	 Liu Y, Fang Z, Yang B, et al. Catheter ablation of fascicular ventricular tachycardia: long-term clinical outcomes and mechanisms of recurrence. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2015;8:1443–51. S8.3-3.	 Nogami A, Naito S, Tada H, et al. Demonstration of diastolic and presystolic Purkinje potentials as critical potentials in a macroreentry circuit of verapamil-sensitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:811–23. S8.3-4.	 Belhassen B, Rotmensch HH, Laniado S, Response of recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia to verapamil. Br Heart J. 1981;46:679–82. S8.3-5.	 German LD, Packer DL, Bardy GH, et al. Ventricular tachycardia induced by atrial stimulation in patients without symptomatic cardiac disease. Am J Cardiol. 1983;52:1202–7. S8.3-6.	 Tsuchiya T, Okumura K, Honda T, et al. Effects of verapamil and lidocaine on two components of the re-entry circuit of verapamilsenstitive idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37:1415–21. S8.3-7.	 Anderson JH, Tester DJ, Will ML, et al. Whole-exome molecular autopsy after exertion-related sudden unexplained death in the young. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2016;9:259–65. S8.3-8.	 Ohe T, Shimomura K, Aihara N, et al. Idiopathic sustained left ventricular tachycardia: clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics. Circulation. 1988;77:560–8. S8.3-9.	 Snyder C, Bishara J, Darling R, et al. Verapamil-sensitive ventricular tachycardia in an infant. Congenit Heart Dis. 2006;1:124–6. S8.3-10.	 Wang JD, Fu YC, Jan SL, et al. Verapamil sensitive idiopathic ven-

tricular tachycardia in an infant. Jpn Heart J. 2003;44:667–71.

8.4 Idiopathic Polymorphic VT/VF

S8.4-1.	 Anderson JH, Tester DJ, Will ML, et al. Whole-exome molecular autopsy after exertion-related sudden unexplained death in the young. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2016;9:259–65. S8.4-2.	 Dalal A, Czosek RJ, Kovach J, et al. Clinical presentation of pediatric patients at risk for sudden cardiac arrest. J Pediatr. 2016. S8.4-3.	 Kumar S, Peters S, Thompson T, et al. Familial cardiological and targeted genetic evaluation: low yield in sudden unexplained death and high yield in unexplained cardiac arrest syndromes. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10:1653–60. S8.4-4.	 Linzer M, Pritchett EL, Pontinen M, et al. Incremental diagnostic yield of loop electrocardiographic recorders in unexplained syncope. Am J Cardiol. 1990;66:214–9. S8.4-5.	 Solomon SD, Zelenkofske S, McMurray JJ, et al. Sudden death in patients with myocardial infarction and left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure, or both. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:2581–8. S8.4-6.	 Tester DJ, Medeiros-Domingo A, Will ML, et al. Unexplained drownings and the cardiac channelopathies: a molecular autopsy series. Mayo Clin Proc. 2011;86:941–7. S8.4-7.	 Tzimas I, Zingraf JC, Bajanowski T, et al. The role of known variants of KCNQ1, KCNH2, KCNE1, SCN5A, and NOS1AP in water-related deaths. Int J Legal Med. 2016;1575–9. S8.4-8.	 Wang D, Shah KR, Um SY, et al. Cardiac channelopathy testing in 274 ethnically diverse sudden unexplained deaths. Forensic Sci Int. 2014;237:90–9. S8.4-9.	 Conte G, Caputo ML, Regoli F, et al. True idiopathic ventricular fibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survivors in the Swiss Canton Ticino: prevalence, clinical features, and long-term followup. Europace. 2017;19:259–66. S8.4-10.	 Frommeyer G, Dechering DG, Kochhauser S, et al. Long-time “reallife” performance of the subcutaneous ICD in patients with electrical heart disease or idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2016;47:185–8. S8.4-11.	 Haïssaguerre M, Shoda M, Jais P, et al. Mapping and ablation of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Circulation. 2002;106:962–7. S8.4-12.	 Knecht S, Sacher F, Wright M, et al. Long-term follow-up of idio-

pathic ventricular fibrillation ablation: a multicenter study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:522–8. S8.4-13.	 Leenhardt A, Glaser E, Burguera M, et al. Short-coupled variant

of torsade de pointes. A new electrocardiographic entity in the spectrum of idiopathic ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Circulation. 1994;89:206–15. S8.4-14.	 Haïssaguerre M, Shah DC, Jais P, et al. Role of Purkinje conducting system in triggering of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Lancet. 2002;359:677–8. S8.4-15.	 Albertella L, Crawford J, Skinner JR, Presentation and outcome of water-related events in children with long QT syndrome. Arch Dis Child. 2011;96:704–7. S8.4-16.	 Miyake CY, Motonaga KS, Fischer-Colbrie ME, et al. Risk of cardiac disease and observations on lack of potential predictors by clinical history among children presenting for cardiac evaluation of midexertional syncope. Cardiol Young. 2016;26:894–900. S8.4-17.	 Gula LJ, Klein GJ, Hellkamp AS, et al. Ejection fraction assessment and survival: an analysis of the Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT). Am Heart J. 2008;156:1196–200. S8.4-18.	 Winkel BG, Yuan L, Olesen MS, et al. The role of the sodium current complex in a nonreferred nationwide cohort of sudden infant death syndrome. Heart Rhythm. 2015;12:1241–9. S8.4-19.	 Noda T, Shimizu W, Taguchi A, et al. Malignant entity of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia initiated by premature extrasystoles originating from the right ventricular outflow tract. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;46:1288–94. S8.4-20.	 Sadek MM, Benhayon D, Sureddi R, et al. Idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias originating from the moderator band: electrocardiographic characteristics and treatment by catheter ablation. Heart Rhythm. 2015;12:67–75. S8.4-21.	 Van HH, Zado ES, Haqqani H, et al. Catheter ablation of ventricular fibrillation: importance of left ventricular outflow tract and papillary muscle triggers. Heart Rhythm. 2014;11:566–73. S8.4-22.	 Viskin S, Belhassen B, Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Am Heart J.

1990;120:661–7.

9 PVC-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY

S9-1.	 Haïssaguerre M, Shah DC, Jais P, et al. Role of Purkinje conducting system in triggering of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Lancet. 2002;359:677–8. S9-2.	 Haïssaguerre M, Shoda M, Jais P, et al. Mapping and ablation of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. Circulation. 2002;106:962–7. S9-3.	 Lee GK, Klarich KW, Grogan M, et al. Premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy: a treatable condition. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2012;5:229–36. S9-4.	 Singh SN, Fletcher RD, Fisher SG, et al. Amiodarone in patients with congestive heart failure and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmia. Survival Trial of Antiarrhythmic Therapy in Congestive Heart Failure. N Engl J Med. 1995;333:77–82. S9-5.	 Baman TS, Lange DC, Ilg KJ, et al. Relationship between burden of premature ventricular complexes and left ventricular function. Heart Rhythm. 2010;7:865–9. S9-6.	 Ban JE, Park HC, Park JS, et al. Electrocardiographic and electrophysiological characteristics of premature ventricular complexes associated with left ventricular dysfunction in patients without structural heart disease. Europace. 2013;15:735–41. S9-7.	 Bogun F, Crawford T, Reich S, et al. Radiofrequency ablation of frequent, idiopathic premature ventricular complexes: comparison with a control group without intervention. Heart Rhythm. 2007;4:863–7. S9-8.	 Carballeira Pol L, Deyell MW, Frankel DS, et al. Ventricular premature depolarization QRS duration as a new marker of risk for the development of ventricular premature depolarization-induced cardiomyopathy. Heart Rhythm. 2014;11:299–306. S9-9.	 Del Carpio Munoz F, Syed FF, Noheria A, et al. Characteristics of premature ventricular complexes as correlates of reduced left ventricular systolic function: study of the burden, duration, coupling interval, morphology and site of origin of PVCs. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2011;22:791–8. S9-10.	 Deyell MW, Park KM, Han Y, et al. Predictors of recovery of left ventricular dysfunction after ablation of frequent ventricular premature depolarizations. Heart Rhythm. 2012;9:1465–72. S9-11.	 Hamon D, Blaye-Felice MS, Bradfield JS, et al. A new combined

parameter to predict premature ventricular complexes induced

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