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CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES

Circulation. 2025;152:e114–e218. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001356 September 16, 2025 e185

Figure 9. Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Hypertension and Hypertensive Emergency. *Defined as acute heart failure/pulmonary edema, neurologic disorders (posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, encephalopathy, retinal hemorrhage, papilledema, intracranial hemorrhage, acute ischemic stroke), acute decompensated heart failure, acute coronary syndrome, acute kidney injury, acute aortic syndrome (penetrating aortic ulcer, aortic dissection). DBP indicates diastolic blood pressure; ED, emergency department; ICU, intensive care unit; INP, inpatient; OPT, outpatient; and SBP, systolic blood pressure. For reinstitution, modification or intensification of medical therapy, refer to Sections 5.2.2. through 5.2.4. Modified with permission from Whelton et al.15 Copyright 2018 American College of Cardiology Foundation and American Heart Association, Inc.

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