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CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES

September 16, 2025 Circulation. 2025;152:e114–e218. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001356 e178

5 Potential candidates for RDN are recommended

for evaluation by a hypertension specialist with expertise in screening for secondary hyperten­ sion or conditions in which RDN is inappropriate and an interventionalist with sufficient training in performing the specific procedure and man­ aging procedural complications to evaluate for potential eligibility and procedural contra­ indications. Secondary hypertension that may be directly treated, white-coat hypertension,

Figure 8. Resistant Hypertension: Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment. *Please refer to Section 5.2, on lifestyle factors. †Please refer to Table 11 for a complete list of drugs that elevate BP. ‡Please refer to Section 3.2.3, on secondary hypertension, and Subsections 3.2.3.1, 3.2.3.2, and 3.2.3.3. ARB indicates angiotensin receptor blocker; BB, beta blocker; BP, blood pressure; BID, 2 times daily; CCB, calcium channel blocker; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; mo, month; MOA, mechanisms of action; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea; qd, daily; and SBP, systolic blood pressure. Modified with permission from Whelton et al.54 Copyright 2018 American College of Cardiology Foundation and American Heart Association, Inc. Adapted with permission from Calhoun et al.55 Copyright 2008 American Heart Association, Inc.

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