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CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES

April 1, 2025 Circulation. 2025;151:e771–e862. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001309 e838

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expert consensus update: a review and incorporation of validation studies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022;79:933–946. 3.2. Management of Patients Presenting With Cardiac Arrest 1.	 Wnent J, Seewald S, Heringlake M, et al. Choice of hospital after out-ofhospital cardiac arrest-a decision with far-reaching consequences: a study in a large German city. Crit Care. 2012;16:R164. 2.	 Kragholm K, Malta Hansen C, Dupre ME, et al. Direct transport to a percutaneous cardiac intervention center and outcomes in patients with out-ofhospital cardiac arrest. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2017;10:e003414. 3.	 Gorjup V, Radsel P, Kocjancic ST, et al. Acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction after successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2007;72:379–385. 4.	 Pareek N, Beckley-Hoelscher N, Kanyal R, et al. MIRACLE(2) score and SCAI grade to identify patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest for immediate coronary angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv. 2022;15:1074–1084. 5.	 Garot P, Lefevre T, Eltchaninoff H, et al. Six-month outcome of emergency percutaneous coronary intervention in resuscitated patients after cardiac arrest complicating ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2007;115:1354–1362. 6.	 Hosmane VR, Mustafa NG, Reddy VK, et al. Survival and neurologic recovery in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction resuscitated from cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;53:409–415. 7.	 Bougouin W, Dumas F, Karam N, et al. Should we perform an immediate coronary angiogram in all patients after cardiac arrest?: Insights from a large French registry. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv. 2018;11:249–256. 8.	 Lemkes JS, Janssens GN, van der Hoeven NW, et al. Coronary angiography after cardiac arrest without ST segment elevation: one-year outcomes of the COACT randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5:1358–1365. 9.	 Kern KB, Radsel P, Jentzer JC, et al. Randomized pilot clinical trial of early coronary angiography versus no early coronary angiography after cardiac arrest without ST-segment elevation: the PEARL study. Circulation. 2020;142:2002–2012. 10.	 Desch S, Freund A, Akin I, et al. Angiography after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med. 2021;385:2544– 2553. 11.	 Hauw-Berlemont C, Lamhaut L, Diehl J-L, et al. Emergency vs delayed coronary angiogram in survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: results of the randomized, multicentric EMERGE trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2022;7:700– 707. 12.	 Elfwen L, Lagedal R, Nordberg P, et al. Direct or subacute coronary angiography in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (DISCO)-An initial pilot-study of a randomized clinical trial. Resuscitation. 2019;139:253–261. 13.	 Viana-Tejedor A, Andrea-Riba R, Scardino C, et al. Coronary angiography

in patients without ST-segment elevation following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. COUPE clinical trial. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2023;76:94–102. 14 Lemkes JS, Janssens GN, van der Hoeven NW, et al. Coronary angiog-

raphy after cardiac arrest without ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:1397–1407. 15.	 Kragholm K, Lu D, Chiswell K, et al. Improvement in care and outcomes for emergency medical service-transported patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) with and without prehospital cardiac arrest: a Mission: Lifeline STEMI Accelerator study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6:e005717. 16.	 Myat A, Song KJ, Rea T. Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: current concepts. Lancet. 2018;391:970–979. 17.	 Kern KB, Lotun K, Patel N, et al. Outcomes of comatose cardiac arrest survivors with and without ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: importance of coronary angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol Intv. 2015;8:1031–1040. 18.	 Henry TD, Tomey MI, Tamis-Holland JE, et al. Invasive management of acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;143:e815– e829. 19.	 Tamis-Holland JE, Menon V, Johnson NJ, et al. Cardiac catheterization laboratory management of the comatose adult patient with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024;149:e274–e295. 20.	 Patterson T, Perkins GD, Perkins A, et al. Expedited transfer to a cardiac arrest centre for non-ST-elevation out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (ARREST): a UK prospective, multicentre, parallel, randomised clinical trial. Lancet. 2023;402:1329–1337. 21.	 Adrie C, Cariou A, Mourvillier B, et al. Predicting survival with good neurological recovery at hospital admission after successful resuscitation of out-ofhospital cardiac arrest: the OHCA score. Eur Heart J. 2006;27:2840–2845. 22.	 Gue YX, Sayers M, Whitby BT, et al. Usefulness of the NULL-PLEASE score to predict survival in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OCHA). Am J Med. 2020;133:1328–1335. 23.	 Nishikimi M, Ogura T, Nishida K, et al. External validation of a risk classification at the emergency department of post-cardiac arrest syndrome patients undergoing targeted temperature management. Resuscitation. 2019;140:135–141. 24.	 Martinell L, Nielsen N, Herlitz J, et al. Early predictors of poor outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Crit Care. 2017;21:96. 25.	 Rab T, Kern KB, Tamis-Holland JE, et al. Cardiac arrest. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66:62–73. 26.	 Harhash AA, May TL, Hsu C-H, et al. Risk stratification among survivors of cardiac arrest considered for coronary angiography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77:360–371. 27.	 Maupain C, Bougouin W, Lamhaut L, et al. The CAHP (Cardiac Arrest Hospital Prognosis) score: a tool for risk stratification after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Eur Heart J. 2015;37:3222–3228. 28.	 Bougouin W, Dumas F, Karam N, et al. Should we perform an immediate coronary angiogram in all patients after cardiac arrest? J Am Coll Cardiol Intv. 2018;11:249–256. 29.	 Lotfi A, Klein LW, Hira RS, et al. SCAI expert consensus statement on out of hospital cardiac arrest. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;96:844–861. 30.	 Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, et al. 2023 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2023;44:3720–3826. 31.	 Bavishi C, Trivedi V, Bhatt DL. Meta-analysis of early versus delayed or se-

lective coronary angiography in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest without ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2022;175:180– 182.

4.1 Oxygen Therapy 1.	 Sukumalchantra Y, Levy S, Danzig R, et al. Correcting arterial hypoxemia

by oxygen therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Effect on ventilation and hemodynamics. Am J Cardiol. 1969;24:838–852. 2.	 Hofmann R, James SK, Jernberg T, et al. Oxygen therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1240–1249. 3.	 Stub D, Smith K, Bernard S, et al. Air versus oxygen in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2015;131:2143–2150. 4.	 Khoshnood A, Carlsson M, Akbarzadeh M, et al. Effect of oxygen therapy on myocardial salvage in ST elevation myocardial infarction: the randomized SOCCER trial. Eur J Emerg Med. 2018;25:78–84. 5.	 Beasley R, Aldington S, Weatherall M, et al. Oxygen therapy in myocardial infarction: an historical perspective. J R Soc Med. 2007;100:130–133. 6.	 Stewart RAH, Jones P, Dicker B, et al. High flow oxygen and risk of mortality

in patients with a suspected acute coronary syndrome: pragmatic, cluster randomised, crossover trial. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2021;372:n355– n355.

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