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CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES

August 29, 2023 Circulation. 2023;148:e9–e119. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001168

Virani et al 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Chronic Coronary Disease Guideline

15 Mahtta D, Ramsey D, Krittanawong C, et al. Recreational substance use

among patients with premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Heart. 2021;107:650–656. 16.	 Rimm EB, Williams P, Fosher K, et al. Moderate alcohol intake and lower risk of coronary heart disease: meta-analysis of effects on lipids and haemostatic factors. BMJ. 1999;319:1523–1528. 17.	 NIAAA. What's a “standard drink”? Accessed June 30, 2021. https://www. rethinkingdrinking.niaaa.nih.gov/How-much-is-too-much/what-counts-as-adrink/whats-A-Standard-drink.aspx#:∼:text=-%20Rethinking%20Drinking%20 -%20NIAAA%20What%27s%20a%20%E2%80%9Cstandard,fluid%20 ounces%20or%2014%20grams%20of%20pure%20alcohol. 18.	 Di Castelnuovo A, Rotondo S, Iacoviello L, et al. Meta-analysis of wine and beer consumption in relation to vascular risk. Circulation. 2002;105:2836– 2844. 19.	 GBD. 2016 Alcohol Collaborators. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet. 2018;392:1015–1035. 20.	 Heesch CM, Wilhelm CR, Ristich J, et al. Cocaine activates platelets and increases the formation of circulating platelet containing microaggregates in humans. Heart. 2000;83:688–695. 21.	 Mukherjee D, Lange RA. Management of cocaine-associated non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: is an invasive approach beneficial? J Am Coll Cardiol Intv. 2021;14:637–638. 22.	 Singleton JH, Abner EL, Akpunonu PD, et al. Association of nonacute opioid use and cardiovascular diseases: a scoping review of the literature. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10:e021260. 23.	 Monte AA, Shelton SK, Mills E, et al. Acute illness associated with can-

nabis use, by route of exposure: an observational study. Ann Intern Med. 2019;170:531–537. 4.2.5. Sexual Health and Activity 1.	 Lukkarinen H, Lukkarinen O. Sexual satisfaction among patients after coronary bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: eight-year follow-up. Heart Lung. 2007;36:262–269. 2.	 Dahabreh IJ, Paulus JK. Association of episodic physical and sexual activity with triggering of acute cardiac events: systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2011;305:1225–1233. 3.	 Muller JE, Mittleman MA, Maclure M, et al. Triggering myocardial infarction by sexual activity. Low absolute risk and prevention by regular physical exertion. Determinants of Myocardial Infarction Onset Study Investigators. JAMA. 1996;275:1405–1409. 4.	 Corona G, Razzoli E, Forti G, et al. The use of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors with concomitant medications. J Endocrinol Invest. 2008;31:799–808. 5.	 Levine GN, Steinke EE, Bakaeen FG, et al. Sexual activity and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012;125:1058–1072. 6.	 Parzeller M, Raschka C, Bratzke H. Sudden cardiovascular death during sexual intercourse--results of a legal medicine autopsy study. Z Kardiol. 1999;88:44–48. 7.	 Foy CG, Newman JC, Berlowitz DR, et al. Blood pressure, sexual activity, and erectile function in hypertensive men: baseline findings from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT). J Sex Med. 2019;16:235–247. 8.	 Lapierre H, Chan V, Sohmer B, et al. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting via a small thoracotomy versus off-pump: a case-matched study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011;40:804–810. 9.	 Palm P, Zwisler AO, Svendsen JH, et al. Sexual rehabilitation for cardiac patients with erectile dysfunction: a randomised clinical trial. Heart. 2019;105:775–782. 10.	 Boothby CA, Dada BR, Rabi DM, et al. The effect of cardiac rehabilitation

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4.2.6 Lipid Management 1.	 LaRosa JC, Grundy SM, Waters DD, et al. Intensive lipid lowering with

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evolocumab on total cardiovascular events in patients with cardiovascular

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