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CLINICAL STATEMENTS AND GUIDELINES Circulation. 2023;148:e9–e119. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001168 August 29, 2023 Virani et al 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Chronic Coronary Disease Guideline may have hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia.1-8,11-13,15–34 Patients actively involved in their care with the medical team tend to have greater knowledge and confidence in self-management, which improves health-related QOL.1,21,32 Teambased care also facilitates behavior change and promotes weight loss, tobacco cessation, and reduces depression.8,12,16,31,33,35 A team-based approach may be more cost-effective and costefficient compared with usual care and reduces emergency department visits, unplanned health service utilization, cardiovascular complications in patients with diabetes, and readmission costs.6,7,9,10,20-22,27,28,31,32,34 A large cohort study comparing health care resource utilization of >1 million patients with either diabetes or ASCVD found that, overall, health care resource utilization was comparable among patients receiving care from physicians compared with advanced practice providers, although physicians work with larger patient panels.9 Communication through telehealth, patient education sessions, specialty clinics, medication therapy management, and patient decision support aids are appropriate and useful methods for providing patient care.36 Refer to Sections 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, and 7 for management. 4.1.2 Patient Education Recommendations for Patient Education Referenced studies that support the recommendations are summarized in Online Data Supplement. COR LOE Recommendations 1 C-LD 1 Patients with CCD should receive ongoing individualized education on symptom management, lifestyle changes, and SDOH risk factors to improve knowledge and facilitate behavior change.1 1 C-LD 2 Patients with CCD should receive ongoing individualized education on medication adherence to improve knowledge and facilitate behavior change.2–4 Synopsis Patient education is defined as “the process by which health professionals and others impart information to patients that will alter their health behaviors or improve their health status.’’1,5 Systematic reviews of studies using educational interventions suggest they improve patient knowledge and facilitate behavior change,1 although impact on sustained lifestyle change, cholesterol and BP levels, and morbidity and mortality rates are less clear.5–7 A meta-analysis of secondary prevention programs suggested education and counseling after MI reduced mortality but not recurrent MI.6 In contrast, a review of RCTs on educational interventions among patients with various Figure 5. Team-Based Approach Reflective of Interconnectedness and Communication. RN indicates registered nurse. Downloaded from http://ahajournals.org by on October 7, 2026