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June 18/25, 2019 Circulation. 2019;139:e1082–e1143. DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000625 e1130

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of Cardiology/American Heart Association pooled cohort equations in predicting all-cause and cardiovascular disease-specific mortality in a national prospective cohort study of adults in the United States. Mayo Clin Proc. 2016;91:763–9. S4.4.1.2-15.	 Mortensen MB, Afzal S, Nordestgaard BG, et al. Primary prevention with statins: ACC/AHA risk-based approach versus trialbased approaches to guide statin therapy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66:2699–709. S4.4.1.2-16.	 Mortensen MB, Nordestgaard BG, Afzal S, et al. ACC/AHA guidelines superior to ESC/EAS guidelines for primary prevention with statins in non-diabetic Europeans: the Copenhagen General Population Study. Eur Heart J. 2017;38:586–94. S4.4.1.2-17.	 Nasir K, Bittencourt MS, Blaha MJ, et al. Implications of coronary artery calcium testing among statin candidates according to American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cholesterol management guidelines: MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66:1657–68. S4.4.1.2-18.	 Rana JS, Tabada GH, Solomon MD, et al. Accuracy of the atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk equation in a large contemporary, multiethnic population. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:2118–30. S4.4.1.2-19.	 Ungprasert P, Matteson EL, Crowson CS. Reliability of cardiovascular risk calculators to estimate accurately the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with sarcoidosis. Am J Cardiol. 2017;120:868–73. S4.4.1.2-20.	 Pencina MJ, D’Agostino RB Sr, Larson MG, et al. Predicting the 30-year risk of cardiovascular disease: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2009;119:3078–84. S4.4.1.2-21.	 Lloyd-Jones DM, Leip EP, Larson MG, et al. Prediction of lifetime

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4.4.1.3 Risk-Enhancing Factors

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4.4.1.4 Coronary Artery Calcium

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statin eligibility, coronary artery calcification, and cardiovascular events. JAMA. 2015;314:134–41. S4.4.1.4-8.	 Yeboah J, Polonsky TS, Young R, et al. Utility of nontraditional risk

markers in individuals ineligible for statin therapy according to the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association cholesterol guidelines. Circulation. 2015;132:916–22. S4.4.1.4-9.	 Budoff MJ, McClelland RL, Nasir K, et al. Cardiovascular events with absent or minimal coronary calcification: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) Am Heart J. 2009;158:554–61. S4.4.1.4-10.	 McEvoy JW, Blaha MJ, Rivera JJ, et al. Mortality rates in smokers and nonsmokers in the presence or absence of coronary artery calcification. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2012;5:1037–45. S4.4.1.4-11.	 Cohen R, Budoff M, McClelland RL, et al. Significance of a positive family history for coronary heart disease in patients with a zero coronary artery calcium score (from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) Am J Cardiol. 2014;114:1210–14. S4.4.1.4-12.	 Metkus TS, Brown T, Budoff M, et al. HIV infection is associated with an increased prevalence of coronary noncalcified plaque among participants with a coronary artery calcium score of zero: Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) HIV Med. 2015;16:635–9. S4.4.1.4-13.	 Budoff MJ, Young R, Burke G, et al. Ten-year association of coronary artery calcium with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) Eur Heart J. 2018;39:2401–8. S4.4.1.4-14.	 Valenti V, B OH, Heo R, et al. A 15-year warranty period for asymptomatic individuals without coronary artery calcium: a prospective follow-Up of 9 715 individuals. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2015;8:900–9. S4.4.1.4-15.	 Lehmann N, Erbel R, Mahabadi AA, et al. Value of progression of coronary artery calcification for risk prediction of coronary and cardiovascular events: result of the HNR Study (Heinz Nixdorf Recall) Circulation. 2018;137:665–79. S4.4.1.4-16.	 Alluri K, McEvoy JW, Dardari ZA, et al. Distribution and burden of newly detected coronary artery calcium: results from the Multi- Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2015;9:337–344 e1. S4.4.1.4-17.	 Lee S-E, Chang H-J, Sung JM, et al. Effects of statins on coronary atherosclerotic plaques: the PARADIGM study. J Am Coll Cardiol Img. 2018;11:1475–84. S4.4.1.4-18.	 Rozanski A, Gransar H, Shaw LJ, et al. Impact of coronary artery calcium scanning on coronary risk factors and downstream testing the EISNER (Early Identification of Subclinical Atherosclerosis by Noninvasive Imaging Research) prospective randomized trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;57:1622–32. S4.4.1.4-19.	 Chevalier M, Moran P, Ten JI, et al. Patient dose in digital mam-

mography. Med Phys. 2004;31:2471–9. 4.4.2. Primary Prevention Adults 40 to 75 Years of Age With LDL-C Levels 70 to 189 mg/dL (1.7–4.8 mmol/L)

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